Macrophage Infiltration into Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue is Associated with Local Levels of 11BHSD1.

The present study aimed to evaluate the infiltration of macrophages in form of crown-line structures (CLS) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese individuals, and to investigate the effect of these on both metabolic parameters and adipose tissue 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11BHSD1) enzyme levels. A total of 53 obese (10 men, 43 woman) enrolled in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumfrence, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of all subjects were recorded. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). The concentration of SAT, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, 11BHSD1 were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The infiltration of macrophages in form of CLS in adipose tissue were determined using cell-specific stains against CD68. There was no significant difference between the CLS+group and the CLS- group in terms of age, gender, BMI, WC, waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), SBP and DBP levels. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HOMA-IR, insulin and SAT TNF-α levels were higher in the CLS+group compared to the CLS- group. FPG and SAT TNF-α levels were significantly higher in participants with high CLS density compared to participants with low density CLS. SAT 11BHSD1 levels was significant higher in the CLS+group compare to the CLS- group and in the high CLS density group compared to the low density group. In conclusion, the infiltration of macrophages in the form of CLS in SAT is associated with increased 11BHSD1 levels. It may be an important mechanism in the development of metabolic disorders.

The relationship between deep vein thrombosis and erythema nodosum in male patients with Behçet's disease.

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of thrombosis in Behçet's Disease (BD) is unknown, however, multiple factors leading to the disease may include hypercoagulability, hypofibrinolysis and endothelial injury. We sought to evaluate the frequency of erythema nodosum-like lesions (ENLL) due to the presence of vasculitis in ENLL observed in BD in male patients with BD with and without deep vein thrombosis. To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the association of ENLL between the groups with or without thrombosis in only male patients with BD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 92 patients, 41 of whom had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 51 had no thrombosis that met the international diagnosis criteria for BD. Vascular involvement was diagnosed based on clinical signs; radiological findings from Doppler, ultrasonography and/or angiography computed tomographic or magnetic resonance. ENLL were diagnosed by means of biopsy in suspected cases. RESULTS: Since both groups were age-matched, there were no statistically significant differences in regard to age (p > 0.05). Twenty-four patients (66%) of the DVT group, had ENLL, while18 patients (35%) of the group without DVT had ENLL. In male patients with vascular involvement, the frequency of ENLL was significantly higher than that of male patients without vascular involvement (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The male Behçet's patients with ENLL compose high-risk patient group in terms of complications, such as DVT. We therefore recommend that male patients with ENLL be monitored more carefully for DVT.