[The basic syndromes of neurological disorders in Lyme borreliosis]. / Osnovnye sindromy nevrologicheskikh narushenii pri Laim-borrelioze.

Long-term follow-up of 92 Lyme's borreliosis sufferers with different neurological syndromes allowed the authors to distinguish as the following basic nervous disturbances typical for this disease: peripheral neuropathies, encephalopathies, meningoencephalitis, serous meningitis. Peripheral neuropathies occurred most frequently (80%). The disease duration and severity were often substantial.

[The clinical picture and pathogenesis of polyradiculoneuropathy in tick-borne encephalitis]. / Klinika i patogenez poliradikulonevropatii pri kleshchevom éntsefalite.

Based on examination of tick-borne encephalitis patients with ascending polyradiculoneuropathy the authors describe the character of the disease, its clinical picture and the results of laboratory studies, etc. Differential diagnosis is made between the indicated syndrome associated with tick-borne encephalitis and sporadic polyradiculoneuropathies. A detailed description is given for the first time of the clinical and pathomorphological picture of that gravest form of tick-borne encephalitis. As regards the character of the clinical and pathomorphological alterations, the ascending polyradiculoneuropathy associated with tick-borne encephalitis is meningoencephalomyelitis with the radicular syndrome which often determines the disease gravity and prognosis.

[Virolex in the treatment of herpetic diseases of the nervous system]. / Viroleks v lechenii gerpeticheskikh porazhenii nervnoi sistemy.

The authors relate the results of the use of virolex (acyclovir), a new etiotropic agent, for the treatment of some herpetic lesions of the nervous system. The use of the drug for the treatment of herpetic encephalitis, one of the gravest forms of encephalitides, exerts a beneficial effect. In the course of the treatment, it is of paramount importance to adhere to the established time of therapy, since the disease may recur. The treatment with virolex of different forms of herpes zoster in children and adults brings about positive results as well.

[Polymorphism of clinical manifestations of Lyme disease]. / Polimorfizm klinicheskikh proiavlenii pri Laim-borrelioze.

The paper describes a clinical picture of a new transmissible disease which got widespread in the Middle zone of Russia. It is caused by a tick-borne organism pertaining to new pathogenic species of Borrelia. Early in its onset Lyme Borrelia (LB) infection presented with tick-borne erythema, followed by neurological and cardiac complications eventuating in locomotor disturbances. Altogether 118 patients at various stages of the disease were examined and treated. Wide-spectrum antibiotics proved an effective therapeutic modality in LB infection management.

[Herpetic encephalitis: the clinico-virological aspect of its diagnosis]. / Gerpeticheskii éntsefalit: kliniko-virusologicheskii aspekt diagnostiki.

Eight patients with herpetic encephalitis (HE) and one patient with herpetic meningitis were investigated. The clinical and laboratory investigations (CR, EEG, and others) are described. In all the cases the diagnosis was corroborated with serological and virological tests unraveling the herpes simplex virus. A high-sensitive diagnose the atypical HE cases with subacute and chronic course that is important for correct treatment.

[Clinical characteristics of tick-borne spirochete infection (Lyme disease)]. / Osobennosti klinicheskoi kartiny kleshchevogo spirokhetoza (bolezni Laima).

A total of 54 patients with tick-borne annular erythema (TAE) were investigated. In 41 patients different nervous system involvement signs were observed: radicular syndrome, serose meningitis, limbs paresis. Epidemiological and clinical signs of TAE in the USSR are much like those of Laim disease in USA and Western Europe. Laboratory investigations that were performed in 13 TAE patients have detected antibodies to the infecting agent of the Laim disease in 8. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics had a beneficial effect in these cases.

[Mental disorders in encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus]. / Psikhicheskie narusheniia pri entsefalitakh, vyzvannykh virusom prostogo gerpesa.

The article presents the results of a combined (clinicopsychopathological, neurological, computed tomography) investigation of 28 patients with encephalitides caused by the virus of herpes simplex type 1 at various periods of the disease. The peculiarities of psychopath-like signs at the initial stage of the disease are shown in their relation with wekefullness level fluctuations and epileptic reactions. Diagnostic and prognostic values of distinct psychopathologic signs are evaluated. Major variants of psychoorganic signs in reconvalescence and later periods are described. Besides the impact of the factor of severity of neurological disorders in the disease, the role of a local factor in shaping the clinical picture of deficit-related psychopathological disorders is stressed: preferential lesioning of frontotemporal cortex and the limbic system structures.

[The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis]. / Klinicheskie proiavleniia i diagnostika Laim-borrelioza.

Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infectious disease occurring in the western and eastern hemispheres, is described. The disease that had been observed retrospectively for several decades was verified in the 1980 s. The causative agent of the disease is a new species of Borrelia transmitted with ticks. LB is characterized by staged development and impairment of some systems of the body. Erythema annulare occurring after the sucking of the ticks is a typical skin manifestation of LB. In the USSR, 90 patients with tick-borne erythema underwent examinations. 64 percent of the patients demonstrated nervous system injuries (serous meningitides, neuritis of craniocerebral nerves, and lesions of the peripheral nervous system). Serologic tests performed in part of the patients with LB in the USSR and USA identified similar responses to the causative agent of the disease.

[Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in acute neuroinfections]. / Immunoglobuliny spinnomozgovoi zhidkosti i krovi pri ostrykh neiroinfektsiiakh.

The authors have examined 42 patients with viral encephalitides and other central nervous system lesions using a complex of clinical and viroimmunological methods of examination. The main emphasis has been laid on measuring immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The results have shown marked changes in humoral immunity. The degree of these changes is directly correlated with severity of encephalitis. Investigation into humoral immunity in patients with neuroinfections and other nervous system diseases contributes to the development of differential diagnostic criteria and better understanding of the relationship between severity and outcome of diseases.

[Diagnostic significance of detecting respiratory virus antigens in cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie obnaruzheniia antigenov respiratornykh virusov v likvore i kletkakh mozga.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 202 patients (114 children and 88 adults) was studied by immunofluorescent techniques. Antigens of respiratory viruses in the CSF were most frequently encountered (22%) in patients with the involvement of the central nervous system (usually meningoencephalitis) in the presence of acute respiratory disease. In lethal outcomes in the same group viral antigens in brain cells were also identified. Clinical and morphological findings suggest that these lesions are infectious-allergic in nature. In rare cases (4%) viral antigens in the CSF and brain cells may also be found in patients with acute respiratory diseases without central nervous system involvement which happens when patients' blood-brain barrier is especially permeable.

[Debatable questions concerning the problem of multiple sclerosis]. / Spornye voprosy problemy rasseiannogo skleroza.

Analysis of the literature data and the author's own findings indicate that the theory of the infectious and primarily viral nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) does not appear valid. It is emphasized that autoimmune mechanisms are only one of the leading pathogenic factors in relation to this disease. Ninety-two MS patients were examined. A theory is proposed about the leading etiological role of neurohormones in a complex of primary hormonal disorders which seem to be genetically determined.

[Humoral immunity in subjects with a history of tick-borne encephalitis]. / K izucheniiu gumoral'nogo immuniteta u lits, perenesshikh kleshchevoiéntsefalit.

A total of 137 patients with a history of focal and meningeal forms of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were examined in the period from 1 to 7 years after the acute stage of the disease. In their examination the authors used hemagglutination inhibition test in the acute and the long-term periods and neutralization test in the late periods. Antibodies to the TBE virus were detected in individuals living in the western region of TBE prevalence (Latvian SSR). The results of the clinical and immunological investigation help to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the peculiarities of TBE pathogenesis, the stability of the post-disease immunity, as well as to solve more successfully the questions of immunoprophylaxis and medical expert examination of the patients.

[Incidence and features of neuroinfections induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus]. / Chastota i osobennosti neiroinfektsii, vyzyvaemykh virusom limfotsitarnogo khoriomeningita.

A follow-up examination of blood sera and cerebrospinal fluid was carried out in 413 patients with various neuroinfections and related diseases. The modern immunological methods were employed: the complement fixation test, the fluorescent antibody test as well as immuno-enzymic and radioimmunoassays. It was established that 8.5% of serous meningitides and 12% of encephalitides were induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. The verified diseases were subjected to a clinical analysis. It is emphasized that the immunological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with LCM infection contributes to a more detailed study of the pathogenesis of the disease.

[Clinical picture and course of multiple sclerosis among inhabitants of the southwest regions of Uzbekistan]. / Klinicheskaia kartina i techenie rasseiannogo skleroza u zhitelei iugo-zapadnykh oblastei Uzbekistana.

Eighty-two typical cases of disseminated sclerosis (DS) in the population of several regions of Uzbekistan were analyzed. Three groups of patients were identified: group I included indigenous population (21); group II non-indigenous population born in Uzbekistan (14); group III non-indigenous population born in the European part of the country. The clinical study allowed the authors to elucidate the presence of similar signs indicating the unity of etiopathogenetic factors of DS and differences occasioned by the populational characteristics of various ethnic groups of the total population as well as by the influence of the climatic and geographical conditions of the region.

[Clinical and computer tomographic diagnosis of necrotic encephalitis]. / Klinicheskaia i komp'iuterno-tomograficheskaia diagnostika nekroticheskikh éntsefalitov.

Twenty-five patients with a suspicion of necrotic encephalitis were examined by computer-aided tomography (CT). Brain tumors were detected in 5 patients. Three patients had negative results of CT examination and later other etiology was established in these cases. Fifteen patients showed characteristic foci of diminished density in the cerebral substance; in 3 cases necrosis was verified postmortem. The time-course of the encephalitis process was traced in the majority of patients. The diagnosis based on laboratory findings made it possible to confirm the etiological role of herpes simplex virus in the development of encephalitis in 2 patients with negative results of CT examinations. Possible causes of the negative results are discussed. Possible involvement of the lenticular nuclei, the brain stem and the cerebellum in necrotic encephalitis is demonstrated. The method is recommended for the early diagnosis of necrotic encephalitides.