RESUMO
The Northwest Atlantic, which has exhibited evidence of accelerated warming compared to the global ocean, also experienced several notable marine heatwaves (MHWs) over the last decade. We analyze spatiotemporal patterns of surface and subsurface temperature structure across the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope to assess the influences of atmospheric and oceanic processes on ocean temperatures. Here we focus on MHWs from 2015/16 and examine their physical drivers using observational and reanalysis products. We find that a combination of jet stream latitudinal position and ocean advection, mainly due to warm core rings shed by the Gulf Stream, plays a role in MHW development. While both atmospheric and oceanic drivers can lead to MHWs they have different temperature signatures with each affecting the vertical structure differently and horizontal spatial patterns of a MHW. Northwest Atlantic MHWs have significant socio-economic impacts and affect commercially important species such as squid and lobster.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Dieta Hipossódica , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagemRESUMO
To examine how the term "salt sensitivity" has heretofore been defined, two medical data bases, DIMDI and MEDLINE were searched. 32 clinical studies, published between 1978-1992 and using the terms salt-, sodium- or sodium chloride-sensitive or sensitivity were found and analysed. Salt sensitivity was experimentally determined and applied in quite varied ways to normotensive and hypertensive persons. There were three types of studies: in type 1 (n = 15), a phase of low sodium intake was followed by one with a high intake; in type 2 (n = 8), a phase of high or "normal" sodium intake was followed by a low intake one; in type 3 (n = 9), there was a randomized sequence of differing sodium intake phases, in some cases with cross-over. It is concluded from these studies that there is insufficient evidence to distinguish between salt sensitive and salt insensitive subjects. Consequently scientific discussion of this question should not lead to hypertensives being discouraged from reducing their salt intake.
