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1.
Health Promot Pract ; : 15248399231211540, 2023 Nov 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37981756

RESUMO

A key facet to typical undergraduate or graduate global public health programs is an applied practice experience (a practicum) that culminates in shared results and public presentations (e.g., research posters, conference and working papers, needs assessments). Requirements vary by program but may be between 80 and 200 hours of experiential learning. While not required by all undergraduate programs in global public health, a practicum occurs as part of a semester of coursework or internship experience after students have declared the major/minor or have completed an expected number of courses. Some students report that the practicum experience, while essential to their career development and future opportunities, presents certain challenges in terms of access. Practicum opportunities can be rife with assumptions that social networks, privilege, and implicit bias affect and even predict the ability to secure an effective, doable, and career-advantageous project. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic meant that much of the applied and experiential aspects of a practicum were necessarily shifted from "realworld" experiences to virtual and "remote" contexts. This article highlights insights from students enrolled in undergraduate global public health programs who were planning "real-life", more "traditional" practicum experiences, and had to necessarily move to "remote" and online engagement. These cases suggest that participation in virtual fieldsites is seen as legitimate, fulfilling for students and stakeholders, and can increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in the public health curricula; fostering best practices in career development.

2.
BMJ Lead ; 6(2): 132-135, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36170538

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This report outlines a quality improvement (QI) project aiming to improve blood transfusion safety at Maluti Adventist Hospital (MAH), Lesotho, from August 2019 to January 2020.The project team comprised nine local staff members and two UK doctors working through the NHS 'Improving Global Health through Leadership Development' (IGH) programme. METHODS: Baseline data was gathered and a 'process mapping' meeting held to understand existing processes and identify methods for improvement.Improvements were implemented using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology.The NHS Healthcare Leadership Model was used as a framework for leadership development and team members reflected on their personal learning. RESULTS: Varied interventions included introduction of a pre-transfusion bedside safety checklist and staff training.Documentation of critical patient identifiers for transfusion improved. Completion of the bedside safety checklist was 65.5% by 3 months. Knowledge scores improved post-transfusion training. 77% of staff strongly agreed and 21% agreed that the training was useful.Challenges and further work were reflected on. DISCUSSION: This collaborative system-strengthening project provided varied, reciprocal learning experiences including skills in leadership, teamwork, teaching, QI methodology, communication and IT.Our experiences will help to inform ongoing work at MAH and may be helpful to others conducting similar work in related settings.


Assuntos
Liderança , Melhoria de Qualidade , Transfusão de Sangue , Hospitais , Humanos , Lesoto , Mali
3.
Future Healthc J ; 7(3): e41-e44, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33094252

RESUMO

During the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors will be redeployed into roles with which they are unfamiliar. Adequate training must be provided to reacquaint doctors with medical ward practice, supporting psychological wellbeing and patient safety. Here we describe a cross-skilling programme in North Bristol NHS Trust designed to address colleague anxiety and support wellbeing during redeployment.

4.
Afr J Reprod Health ; 15(1): 95-102, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21987943

RESUMO

This paper examines the experience and interpretations of infertility and sterility in northern Botswana. Specifically it highlights the role of stigma and impression management among Tswana men and women through their narratives and discourse about childbearing and personhood in an era of HIV/AIDS. The paper demonstrates that in a country with one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates in the world, risky sexual practices are weighed against cultural norms that suggest being a full person and productive adult is to be a reproductive man or woman. Through longitudinal qualitative research the narratives and life histories of several individuals offer ethnographic evidence on the power of stigma. The research finds that even with ubiquitous HIV/AIDS education and prevention programmes throughout Botswana, Tswana engage in various kinds of risk taking behaviours as means through which impressions and identities as full persons of value may be managed successfully.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Infertilidade , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Educação Sexual/organização & administração , Estigma Social , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adulto , Botsuana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Infertilidade/epidemiologia , Infertilidade/psicologia , Masculino , Preconceito , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/normas , Medição de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Fatores Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia
5.
African Journal of Reproductive Health ; 15(1): 95-100, 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1258498

RESUMO

This paper examines the experience and interpretations of infertility and sterility in northern Botswana. Specifically it highlights the role of stigma and impression management among Tswana men and women through their narratives and discourse about childbearing and personhood in an era of HIV/AIDS. The paper demonstrates that in a country with one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates in the world, risky sexual practices are weighed against cultural norms that suggest being a full person and productive adult is to be a reproductive man or woman. Through longitudinal qualitative research the narratives and life histories of several individuals offer ethnographic evidence on the power of stigma. The research finds that even with ubiquitous HIV/AIDS education and prevention programmes throughout Botswana, Tswana engage in various kinds of risk taking behaviours as means through which impressions and identities as full persons of value may be managed successfully (Afr J Reprod Health 2011; 15[1]: 95-100)


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Botsuana , Infecções por HIV , Infertilidade , Homens , Medição de Risco , Estereotipagem , Mulheres
6.
J Med Chem ; 52(1): 33-47, 2009 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19072055

RESUMO

Antagonism of the human A(2A) receptor has been implicated as a point of therapeutic intervention in the alleviation of the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. This is thought to occur, at least in part, by increasing the sensitivity of the dopaminergic neurons to the residual, depleted levels of striatal dopamine. We herein describe a novel series of functionalized triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives that display functional antagonism of the A(2A) receptor. Optimization of these compounds has resulted in improvements in potency, selectivity, and the pharmacokinetic properties of key derivatives. These efforts have led to the discovery of 60 (V2006/BIIB014), which demonstrates strong oral activity in commonly used models of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, this derivative has shown excellent preclinical pharmacokinetics and has successfully completed phase I clinical studies. This compound is presently undergoing further clinical evaluation in collaboration with Biogen Idec.


Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Azóis/síntese química , Azóis/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Aminas/química , Animais , Azóis/química , Azóis/uso terapêutico , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/tratamento farmacológico , Haloperidol/farmacologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/classificação , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
8.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 18(9): 2920-3, 2008 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18407496

RESUMO

We describe herein the discovery and development of a series of 4-arylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines which are potent adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists. These novel compounds show high degrees of selectivity against the human A(1), A(2B) and A(3) receptor sub-types. Moreover, a number of these compounds show promising activity in vivo, suggesting potential utility in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.


Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Desenho de Fármacos , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina , Antagonistas do Receptor A3 de Adenosina , Antiparkinsonianos/síntese química , Humanos , Modelos Químicos , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
9.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 18(9): 2916-9, 2008 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18406614

RESUMO

The (-)-(11R,2'S)-enantiomer of the antimalarial drug mefloquine has been found to be a reasonably potent and moderately selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. Further investigation of this compound has led to the discovery of a series of keto-aryl thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which are potent and selective antagonists of the adenosine A(2A) receptor. These derivatives show selectivity against the A(1) receptor. Furthermore, some of these compounds have been shown to have in vivo activity in a commonly used model, suggesting the potential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.


Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Antimaláricos/síntese química , Antiparkinsonianos/síntese química , Humanos , Modelos Químicos , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
10.
Crit Care Med ; 32(5): 1130-5, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15190962

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify concentrations of inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to investigate its role as a source of ferrous iron and as a signaling agent for iron regulation. Control of such processes by heme oxygenase has implications for the onset, progression, and resolution of ARDS. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of archived samples. SETTING: Adult intensive care unit of a postgraduate teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit who fulfilled the American-European Consensus Conference criteria for ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue were performed in patients with established ARDS and in those undergoing lung resection (controls). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Concentrations of heme oxygenase protein were significantly elevated in lung tissue (193.7 +/- 13.27 vs. 81.0 +/- 16.0%, p < .01) and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (2.4 x 10(5) vs. 1.4 x 10(5) densitometric units, p = .047) taken from patients with ARDS compared with controls. Concentrations of heme oxygenase protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with ARDS correlated positively and significantly with changes in the concentrations of ferritin (r = .697, p = .02) and the iron saturation of transferrin (r = .8, p = .014) but correlated negatively and significantly with concentrations of bleomycin-detectable (redox-active) iron (r = -.73, p = .031). Significantly elevated (p < .05) concentrations of heme oxygenase staining in cell types expressing this protein were detected in patients with ARDS, compared with concentrations in the same cells taken from controls undergoing lung resection. CONCLUSIONS: Heme oxygenase protein is elevated in the lungs of patients with ARDS and may contribute to the changes in iron mobilization, signaling, and regulation seen in this condition.


Assuntos
Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/análise , Pulmão/enzimologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Western Blotting , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Causalidade , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Ferritinas/análise , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1 , Homeostase , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ferro/análise , Ferro/metabolismo , Proteínas Reguladoras de Ferro/análise , Proteínas Reguladoras de Ferro/metabolismo , Pulmão/química , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxirredução , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/etiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transdução de Sinais , Transferrina/análise , Transferrina/metabolismo
11.
Neurology ; 61(11 Suppl 6): S88-93, 2003 Dec 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14663018

RESUMO

The discovery of antagonistic interactions between A2A adenosine receptors and D2 dopamine receptors in the ventral striatum suggested that A2A receptor activation might modulate the antipsychotic effects of dopamine receptor antagonists and could provide an opportunity for the development of A2A receptor agonists as novel antipsychotic drugs. However, there is limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that A2A receptor agonists can exert antipsychotic effects. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether A2A receptor agonists possess a sufficient safety margin or whether their potent hypotensive effects or extrapyramidal side effects would limit their therapeutic utility as antipsychotic agents. The interaction between A2A receptors and D2 receptors also raises the possibility that A2A receptor antagonists, which hold considerable promise as antiparkinsonian agents, may have dose-limiting psychotomimetic side effects. Preclinical studies using selective A2A receptor antagonists suggest that this class of compound has a low propensity to elicit psychotomimetic side effects or exacerbate those induced by D2 receptor agonists.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Alucinógenos/farmacologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/prevenção & controle , Receptor A2B de Adenosina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor A2B de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Agonistas de Dopamina/farmacologia , Humanos , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/etiologia , Receptor Cross-Talk , Receptores de Dopamina D2/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo
12.
Afr J Reprod Health ; 6(3): 103-11, 2002 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12685415

RESUMO

This paper discusses the perceptions of male infertility in northern Botswana and their implications for efficacious family planning and AIDS prevention programmes in the country. HIV rates are rapidly increasing in northern Botswana and it is estimated that nearly 30% of the population are infected. A significant factor in these increases is the perception that infertility is caused by the use of contraceptives. Male infertility in particular is understood as a result of female contraceptive use and is highly stigmatised. In an area with such high HIV rates, these perceptions directly contribute to the lack of efficacious family planning and HIV prevention programmes in the country.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infertilidade Masculina/psicologia , Adulto , Botsuana , Comportamento Contraceptivo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/psicologia
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