Association between the time spent watching television and the sociodemographic characteristics with the presence of overweight and obesity in Colombian adolescents (secondary analysis of the ENSIN 2010).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the time spent watching television and the sociodemographic characteristics with the presence of overweight and obesity in Colombian adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary analysis of the information obtained in the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation 2010 of Colombia, in a probabilistic sample of 18177 adolescents with an age range between 13 and 17 years. The time spent watching television and / or videogames and sociodemographic factors was determined. Anthropometric markers and body composition were recorded. Associations were established through logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 13.0% (95% CI 12.4-13.8) and obesity was 3.0% (95% CI 2.8-3.3). The prevalences of overweight and obesity were higher in adolescent women [16.6% (95% CI 15.8-17.5) and 3.4% (95% CI 3.1-3.7), respectively]. Overweight and obesity were associated with being female [OR 1.94 (95%CI 1.77-2.12) and OR 1.29 (95%CI 1.09-1.53), respectively], high socioeconomic level [OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.10-1.36) and OR 1.47 (95%CI 1.19-1.81), respectively], reside in urban area [OR 1.13 (95%CI 1.03-1.24) and OR 1.47 (95%CI 1.21-1.79), respectively]. Being indigenous was associated with being overweight [OR 1.25 (95%CI 1.10-1.42)], while being Afro-Colombian was associated with obesity [OR 1.33 (95%CI 1.05-1.69)]. Watching television and / or video games for two or more hours a day [OR1.17 (95%CI 1.06-1.30)] was associated with being overweight; whereas watching television every day of the week was associated with obesity [OR 1.66 (95%CI 1.13-2.43)]. CONCLUSIONS: The population studied has a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity, being overweight is associated with being a woman, a high socioeconomic status, residing in an urban area, having an indigenous ethnicity, watching television for three days during the week and looking at more than two hours of television in a day; Obesity is associated with being a woman, a medium-high and high socioeconomic status, residing in an urban area, Afro-Colombian ethnicity, watching television at least once in the last week and watching television every day during the last week.

[Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women of Colombia (secondary analysis of the ENSIN 2010)]. / Prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos asociados a anemia ferropénica en mujeres gestantes de Colombia (análisis secundario de la ENSIN 2010).

INTRODUCTION: Objective: iron deficiency anemia is associated with adverse results for health and it is highly prevalent worldwide. The current study evaluated the prevalence and the sociodemographic factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in a sample of Colombian pregnant women. Materials and methods: the secondary analysis for the obtained information at the National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN) 2010 of Colombia in a probabilistic sample of 1,385 pregnant women between 13 and 49 years old. Hemoglobin concentration, ferritin plasmatic levels, sociodemographic levels and factors (age, escolarity, socioeconomic level, geographic area, region, ethnic group, tobacco habits), and body mass index according on the weeks of gestation were determined. There were made normality tests, measure comparisons, and association between logistic regression models. Results: the prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL and ferritin < 12 µg/L) was 11.0% (CI95% = 9.7-12.6). The highest prevalence was found in pregnant women without any escolarity (19.4%; CI95% = 8.0-33.3), women in a socioeconomic level I (12.7%; CI95% = 10.3-14.9), that live in the Atlantic or Pacific regions (16.0%; CI95% = 12.0-20.4 and 12.7%; CI95% = 8,3-17,1 respectively), and Afro-Colombian women (18.6%; IC95% = 12.1-23.9). Iron deficiency anemia was associated with living in the Atlantic region OR 7.21 (CI95% 1.71-30.33), Oriental OR 4.50 (CI95% 1.01-20.04), Pacific OR 5.51 (CI95% 1.27-23.88), national territory OR 4.37 (CI95% 1.03-18.57) and belonging to an Afro-Colombian ethnic group OR 2.19 (CI95% 1.40-3.42). Conclusions: the studied population presents a high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and it is associated with the residency region and ethnic group.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: la anemia ferropénica se asocia con resultados adversos para la salud y es altamente prevalente a nivel mundial. El presente estudio evaluó prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos asociados con anemia ferropénica en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas colombianas. Materiales y métodos: análisis secundario de la información obtenida en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional (ENSIN) 2010 de Colombia, en una muestra probabilística de 1.385 mujeres gestantes entre 13 y 49 años. Se determinaron concentración de hemoglobina, niveles plasmáticos de ferritina, niveles y factores sociodemográficos (edad, escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, área geográfica, región, grupo étnico, hábito tabáquico) e índice de masa corporal según semanas de gestación. Se realizaron pruebas de normalidad, comparación de medias y asociaciones mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: la prevalencia global de anemia ferropénica (hemoglobina < 11 g/dL y ferritina < 12 µg/L) fue de 11,0% (IC95% = 9,7-12,6). Las prevalencias más altas se encontraron en mujeres sin ningún grado de escolaridad (19,4%; IC95% = 8,0-33,3), mujeres del nivel I socioeconómico (12,7%; IC95% = 10,3-14,9) que habitan en la región atlántica o pacífica (16,0%; IC95% = 12,0-20,4 y 12,7%; IC95% = 8,3-17,1, respectivamente) y mujeres afrocolombianas (18,6%; IC95% = 12,1-23,9). Se asoció anemia ferropénica con vivir en la región atlántica OR 7,21 (IC95% 1,71-30,33), oriental OR 4,50 (IC95% 1,01-20,04), pacífica OR 5,51 (IC95% 1,27-23,88), territorios nacionales OR 4,37 (IC95% 1,03-18,57) y pertenecer a etnia afrocolombiana OR 2,19 (IC95% 1,40-3,42). Conclusiones: la población estudiada presenta una alta prevalencia de anemia ferropénica y está asociada con la región de residencia y grupo étnico.