A three-sequence dynamic contrast enhanced abbreviated MRI protocol to evaluate response to breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: To develop an ABP-MRI to evaluate response to NAC for invasive breast carcinoma. STUDY TYPE: A single-center, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A consecutive series of 210 women with invasive breast carcinoma who underwent breast MRI after NAC between 2016 and 2020. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T / Dynamic contrast-enhanced. ASSESSMENT: MRI scans were independently reevaluated, with access to dynamic contrast-enhanced without contrast and to the first, second, and third post-contrast time (ABP-MRI 1-3). STATISTICAL TESTS: The diagnostic performance of the ABP-MRIs and the Full protocol (FP-MRI) were analyzed. The Wilcoxon non-parametric test (p-value <0.050) was used to compare the capability in measuring the most extensive residual lesion. RESULTS: The median age was 47 (24-80) years. ABP-MRI 1 showed higher specificity (84.6%; 77/91) but a higher probability of false-negatives (16.8%) and lower sensitivity (83.2%; 99/119) than ABP-MRI 2,3 and the FP-MRI, which were identical in specificity (81.3%; 74/91), probability of false-negatives (8.4%), and sensitivity (91.6%; 109/119). ABP-MRI 2 showed a mean underestimation of only 0.03 cm in the measurement of the longest axis of the residual lesion (p = 0.008) with an average reduction in the acquisition time of 75%, compared with the FP-MRI. CONCLUSION: ABP-MRI 2 showed diagnostic performance equivalent to the FP-MRI with a 75% reduction in the acquisition time.

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in Brazil: What Are We Missing?

BACKGROUND: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has been diagnosed in more than 1000 patients in more than 30 countries, although only a few cases have been reported in Latin America and the Caribbean to date. As the second-largest global market for breast implants with a predominance of textured-surface implants, Brazil is a major global market for cosmetic augmentations, making it unlikely that cases of BIA-ALCL are actually scarce. METHODS: A local and voluntary registry of patients with BIA-ALCL was initiated in 2018. All patients diagnosed with BIA-ALCL were confirmed by the World Health Organization criteria. Implant characteristics, disease symptoms, treatment, and oncologic outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen cases of BIA-ALCL in a Brazilian population were identified in the Paraná state. Disease-specific diagnostic tests were omitted before surgical intervention in 50 percent of patients. With additional cases from a literature review, the treatment and outcomes of 29 cases of BIA-ALCL in Brazil were assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other populations, these initial observations suggest that awareness of the disease by the local breast surgery community remains low and that a number of cases may remain undiagnosed. Lack of preoperative diagnostic testing compromises disease treatment, oncologic outcomes, and both short- and long-term surveillance.

Subfascial versus Subglandular Breast Augmentation: A Randomized Prospective Evaluation Considering a 5-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: Subfascial breast augmentation is becoming popular because of a better understanding of breast anatomy. However, because the subglandular approach is also another popular method, it is critical to assess the influence of the superficial fascia of the pectoralis major muscle on the subfascial and subglandular pockets to determine if one method is superior to another. This study investigated whether there are clinical/radiological differences between subfascial and subglandular pockets following primary breast augmentation. METHODS: Twenty patients were recruited, and each was randomly sorted to the subfascial and/or subglandular pocket per breast. Both patients and surgeons were blinded. Differences were evaluated through five independent surgeons and by magnetic resonance imaging scans. Subsequently, 1-year and 5-year follow-ups were conducted. RESULTS: The results of the 5-year follow-up considering the aesthetics of the breast contour were significantly different between groups, with more good and excellent evaluations in the subfascial group. Regarding breast shape, there were also statistical differences, also with more good and excellent evaluations in the subfascial group. For breast consistency, subglandular had 84.20 percent of patients classified into Baker I and II, whereas subfascial had 100 percent. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed a smaller implant base in the subglandular pockets, which was a significant result. There were no significant differences in implant projection. Comparison of the number of folds revealed significant differences between groups, with more folds in the subglandular group. CONCLUSION: Statistical differences between methods were found regarding breast shape and contour, capsular contracture, implant base, and the number of folds, showing that subfascial breast augmentation is superior to subglandular breast augmentation. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.

Degeneração cística maciça de leiomioma uterino em gestante simulando neoplasia ovariana: relato de caso / Degenerating cystic uterine fibroid mimics an ovarian cyst in a pregnant patient: a case report

Os autores descrevem o caso de uma gestante encaminhada por apresentar massa anexial. A ultra-sonografia demonstrou volumosa lesão sólido-cística sugestiva de neoplasia ovariana. A ressonância magnética mostrou que a lesão era recoberta pela serosa uterina, sugerindo mioma degenerado. O correto diagnóstico das massas pélvicas na gestação é fundamental para o estabelecimento da terapêutica. A ressonância magnética traz importantes contribuições no diagnóstico dessas entidades.

The authors describe the case of a pregnant woman referred to the institution to be evaluated for an adnexal mass. Ultrasonography showed a voluminous solid-cystic lesion suggestive of ovarian neoplasm. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the lesion was located within the uterine serosa, suggesting the presence of a degenerated leiomyoma. A correct diagnosis of pelvic masses in pregnancy is essential for the definition of a therapeutic approach. Magnetic resonance imaging represents a relevant tool in the diagnosis of these abnormalities.

Valor da ultra-sonografia na avaliação das alterações endometriais em pacientes tratadas com tamoxifeno / Value of sonographic endometrial findings in patients under tamoxifen therapy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações endometriais por meio da ultra-sonografia transvaginal e correlacioná-las com os achados da histeroscopia e histologia, em pacientes submetidas a tratamento com tamoxifeno. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2005, foram incluídas pacientes com câncer de mama usuárias de tamoxifeno que apresentaram espessamento endometrial acima de 5 mm. Os achados foram correlacionados com os dados de histeroscopia e anatomopatologia. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 25 pacientes com idade média de 62,6 anos. O tempo médio do diagnóstico do câncer foi de 4,3 anos e do uso de tamoxifeno, três anos. Vinte pacientes eram assintomáticas (80 por cento) e as demais apresentaram sangramento (20 por cento). À ultra-sonografia, 16 por cento apresentaram espessamento endometrial entre 5 mm e 8 mm, 40 por cento entre 9 mm e 15 mm, e 44 por cento acima de 15 mm. Ao estudo com a histeroscopia, 40 por cento apresentaram atrofia, 16 por cento atrofia cística, 28 por cento pólipos, e 16 por cento lesão hiperplásica. O estudo anatomopatológico apresentou-se normal em 35,2 por cento dos casos e mostrou atrofia em 5,8 por cento, pólipo em 29,4 por cento e hiperplasia em 11,7 por cento. Foi observado um caso de adenocarcinoma (5,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A ultra-sonografia associada à histeroscopia apresentam-se como importantes aliados na avaliação de pacientes usuárias de tamoxifeno. A detecção de espessamento endometrial à ultra-sonografia apresenta baixa especificidade, enquanto a histeroscopia é mais acurada na detecção de pólipos, hiperplasia e alterações neoplásicas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endometrial alterations by means of transvaginal ultrasound and to correlate them with hysteroscopic and histological findings in patients under tamoxifen therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was developed in the period between January 2003 and December 2005, including patients under tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer, and presenting with endometrial thickening > 5 mm. The sonographic findings were correlated with hysteroscopic and anatomopathological results. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients, mean age 62.6 years, were selected. The mean time elapsed from the diagnosis of cancer was 4.3 years, and use of tamoxifen, three years. Twenty patients (80 percent) were asymptomatic, and five (20 percent) presented with bleeding. Ultrasound showed that 16 percent of patients had endometrial thickening ranging between 5 mm and 8 mm, 40 percent between 9 mm and 15 mm, and 44 percent above 15 mm. Hysteroscopy showed 40 percent of patients with atrophy, 16 percent with cystic atrophy, 28 percent with polyps and 16 percent with hyperplastic lesion. Anatomopathological study showed 35.2 percent of patients with normal results, 5.8 percent with atrophy, 29.4 percent with polyps and 11.7 percent with hyperplasia. One case of adenocarcinoma (5.8 percent) was observed. CONCLUSION: Combined ultrasound and hysteroscopy have proven to be important allies in the evaluation of patients under tamoxifen therapy. Ultrasonography presents low specificity for detecting endometrial thickening, while hysteroscopy is more accurate in the detection of polyps, hyperplasia and neoplastic alterations.

Tumor de células gigantes do metatarso: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Giant cell tumor of the metatarsal bone: case report and review of the literature

O tumor de células gigantes é uma neoplasia rara e representa 5% dos tumores ósseos primários. Acomete com maior freqüência joelho e punho, sendo raro em pequenos ossos do pé. Os autores apresentam um paciente do sexo masculino, 32 anos de idade, há quatro meses com dor no pé direito. A radiografia simples demonstrou lesão osteolítica e insuflante acometendo o primeiro metatarso do pé direito. A tomografia computadorizada revelou lesão radiolucente com bordas bem definidas. Foi realizada biópsia da lesão, cujo estudo histológico definiu o diagnóstico de tumor de células gigantes. Os autores enfatizam a correlação entre os achados de imagem e a histologia.

Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare neoplasm and account for 5% of all primary bone tumors. It is common in the knee and wrist, but rare in the small bones of the foot. The authors report a 32-yearold male patient presented with a four-month history of right foot pain. Plain radiographs showed an expansive lytic lesion involving the first right metatarsal bone. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders. Biopsy was performed and the histological diagnostic was giant cell tumor. The authors emphasize the correlation between the imaging and histological findings.

Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted core breast biopsy: experience with 406 cases.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the indications, accuracy and complications of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) performed using ultrasonographic (US) guidance for non-palpable lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study in which results from consecutive US-guided VABB performed between January 1999 and April 2003 were subsequently compared to those from excisional biopsy or to long-term follow-up imaging. RESULTS: Four hundred and six lesions were submitted to VABB procedures. Out of those, 78.9% were benign, 18.8% were malignant, 1.7% was lobular neoplasia, and 0.4% was atypical duct hyperplasia. Underestimation occurred in 2.6% of the cases and false negative results in 0.6%. Sensitivity to VABB was 97%, specificity went up to 100%, negative predictive value was 99%, positive predictive value was 100%, and accuracy was 99%. Complications occurred in 9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: US-guided VABB is an accurate and safe procedure. The main indication is the non-palpable suspicious breast lesions (category 4). This new technique could be a good alternative for percutaneous and surgery biopsy.

Radiological features and pathological-biological correlations in 348 women with breast cancer under 35 years old.

The aim of this study was to present mammography and ultrasound features, and accuracy, in 348 young women (under 35 years old) with breast cancer, and to determine whether such features could be correlated with pathological and biological factors. We performed a retrospective review of the radiological, pathological and biological features of women under 35 years old with breast cancer who were seen in our institute between January 2000 and December 2002. A total of 348 women were analysed. The sensitivity of mammography was 84.9% and that of ultrasound was 88%. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the high sensitivity of ultrasound and the histology type (P=0.004) as well as the expression of PgR (P=0.01). Also, there is a correlation between the sensitivity of mammography and the histology type (P=0.004). Microcalcifications are associated with age (P=0.05) and overexpression of HER2/neu (P=0.007). Ultrasound may be the appropriate initial imaging test for symptomatic young women, and mammography may be useful in confirming the features, although there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tests. Histological and biological profiles may be correlated with imaging sensitivity.

Lipossarcoma mixóide de mediastino: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Myxoid liposarcoma of the mediastinum: a case report and review of the literature

As neoplasias mediastinais de origem mesenquimal são raras, representando menos de 6 por cento dos casos. A maioria são lipossarcomas, apesar da aparência cística ser incomum. Os autores apresentam um caso de paciente feminina com 58 anos de idade, com queixa de dispnéia, com piora progressiva desde os 52 anos. Estridor laríngeo era auscultado durante o exame físico, e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax demonstrou uma lesão cística no mediastino posterior. O tumor foi ressecado e o estudo histológico definiu o diagnóstico de lipossarcoma mixóide.

Carcinoma do esôfago com invasão do canal medular: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Esophageal carcinoma extending into the spinal canal: case report and review of the literature

Os autores apresentam o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 62 anos de idade, com emagrecimento há quatro meses e diminuição da força muscular associada a parestesias em membros inferiores há dois dias. Foi submetido a mielotomografia, que demonstrou massa no mediastino posterior com destruição dos corpos vertebrais e invasão do canal medular, além de espessamento irregular das paredes do esôfago. Na evolução, foi submetido a estudo contrastado do esôfago, que demonstrou falha de enchimento irregular. A biópsia confirmou a presença de carcinoma de células escamosas. Este é o primeiro relato na literatura latino-americana (Lilacs) de carcinoma de esôfago com invasão de canal medular e manifestação inicial de síndrome de compressão medular.

Papilomatose múltipla e recorrente unilateral: avaliação pelos métodos de imagem / Multiple recurrent unilateral papillomatosis: imaging methods evaluation

Papilomas múltiplos são tumores benignos de pacientes jovens, que se caracterizam por risco aumentado de recorrência e predisposição a desenvolver câncer de mama subjacente. Os autores relatam um caso de papilomatose múltipla unilateral, no qual se realizou excisão de 21 papilomas, com o objetivo de demonstrar os principais aspectos de imagem dessa entidade, incluindo os achados mamográficos, ecográficos e da ductogalactografia.

Carcinoma de plexo coróide: relato de quinze casos / Choroid plexus carcinoma: report of 15 cases

O carcinoma de plexo coróide (CPC) é um raro tumor do sistema nervoso central (SNC), derivado do epitélio de revestimento dos plexos coróides, que acomete pacientes abaixo dos 3 anos de idade. Apresentamos um estudo clínico, epidemiológico e histopatológico de 15 casos de CPC. Destes, 10 eram do gênero masculino. As idades variaram de 4 meses a 21 anos. Quanto a localização, acometeram predominante o ventrículo lateral (73,3 por cento). Os sinais e sintomas predominantes foram hidrocefalia (62,5 por cento), hipertensão intracrania (25 por cento) e crise convulsiva (12, por cento). Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com ressecção parcial em 75 por cento dos casos e completa em 25 por ento. Houve um óbito per-operatório. Em 85,7 por cento dos pacientes houve recidiva tumoral, com evolução a óbito em média 13,6 meses após o diagnóstico. Apenas um paciente encontra-se vivo num seguimento de 5 anos. Esses dados suportam o prognóstico sombrio e a alta mortalidade do CPC.