Assessment of the medial olivocochlear efferent system in children. pure tone 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz suppressive effects on transient evoked otoacoustic emission.

The role of medial efferent system in regulating outer hair cell function has been studied by many investigators. Usually narrow band noise or white noise as contralateral stimulation (CS) suppressors have been used and changes in OAE amplitudes estimated. Thirty children aged 6-15 years (mean 12.5 +/- 4.7), without any changes in tonal and impedance audiometry and with negative history regarding otiatric diseases were examined. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were recorded using ILO 92 Otodynamics Analyser. CS was performed using 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz continuous pure tones of 30 dB SL or 50 dB SL. Effects of CS on TEOAE evoked by click of 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL were investigated. TEOAE analysis included assessment of TEOAE amplitude of half octave frequency bandwidth (HOFBW-1.0; HOFBW-1.5; HOFBW-2.0; HOFBW-3.0 and HOFBW-4.0 kHz) and 0.8 kHz frequency bandwidth (0.8-FBW) amplitudes centred at 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 kHz. TEOAE amplitude recorded for stimuli 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL without CS decreased: mean values respectively 6.1 +/- 4.2; 5.4 +/- 4.5 and 3.3 dB SPL +/- 4.3. CS effect on TEOAE was observed for all CS options, however, larger suppressive effect was recorded on TEOAE elicited by 70 dB SPL stimulus using 1 kHz/50 dB SL tone as a suppressor and on TEOAE elicited by 60 dB SPL stimulus using 2 kHz/50 dB SL tone as a suppressor. HOFBW and 0.8-FBW analyses showed the association between the frequency/intensity of the suppressors and decreasing of amplitudes of adequate frequency bands. It is concluded that the described method of investigating of the medial olivocochlear efferent system seems to be sensitive and confirms frequency-dependent suppressive effect on OAE.

Latencies of the 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured using a phase-gradient method in young people, in the elderly and in people exposed to noise.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) are generally accepted as a good tool for investigating the micromechanics of the cochlea. The 2f1-f2 DPOAE latencies provide significant data regarding travelling waves. In this study the 2f1-f2 DPOAE latencies were measured using a phase-gradient method, with a swept-f2 procedure, for three groups: Group I comprised 60 healthy young people, aged 17-32 years; Group II comprised elderly patients, aged 56-72 years, with presbyacusis; and Group III consisted of 74 miners, aged 19-35 years, who had been exposed to noise for 2-15 years. Measurements were performed for frequencies between 1.0 and 6.0 kHz. In all groups the latencies were fitted using a non-linear regression model. The aim of the study was to compare the latency and amplitude of 2f1-f2 DPOAE in different inner ear pathologies. The highest DPOAE amplitudes were recorded in Group I and in miners with 2-4 years noise exposure (Group IIIa), and the latencies showed a similar pattern. The lowest DPOAE amplitudes were recorded in the elderly and in miners with 8-15 years noise exposure (Group IIIc), but in contrast the longest latencies were measured in miners and the shortest in the elderly. The latency analysis significantly reinforces opinions on the micromechanics of the cochlea, mostly in terms of the cochlear functioning as a filter and amplifier and with regard to the elasticity of the basilar membrane.

[Assessment of usefulness of PCNA and oncoprotein p53 staining in prediction of the recurrences in subjects operated on for laryngeal carcinoma]. / Ocena przydatnosci oznaczania atygenu proliferacyjnego PCNA i bialka p53 w przewidywaniu wznów u chorych operowanych z powodu raka krtani.

The authors estimated PCNA and P53 in subjects with laryngeal cancer with local or nodal recurrences. The study concerned 54 patients from Upper Silesia aged 37-79 (mean 57 +/- 8.8). The mean value of the PCNA index in subjects with local recurrence (LR) was 24.2% +/- 12.1 while in subjects without LR 22.1% +/- 9.4 (p > 0.05). Additionally, 21 subjects in whom no lymph node metastases were found during laryngectomy were separated from the investigated group. In 16 of them local recurrences were observed and the mean value of PCNA index was 30.9% +/- 12.5. In remaining 5 subjects in whom local recurrences were not developed the mean value of PCNA index was 21.7% +/- 11.2. The analysis of the P53 index in subjects with LR revealed significantly higher values (19.2% +/- 9.1) in comparison with cases without LR (13.2% +/- 6.3). The assessment of the mean values of PCNA and P53 index depending on T, N or stage as well as nodal recurrence did not reveal any statistical significance. Our study revealed usefulness of the P53 and PCNA as markers which could support the histological diagnostic process describing biology of the cancer cells. The demonstrated increase of PCNA and P53 index in patients with LR might be useful in prediction of LR.

[The 2f1-f2 DPOAE amplitudes and latencies in the groups of older people with presbyacusis and young people with normal hearing]. / Ocena amplitud i latencji 2f1-f2 DPOAE w grupie osób starszych z presbyacusis oraz osób mlodych z prawidlowym sluchem.

Otoacoustic emissions have been shown to be useful as indicators of the cochlear function. One of the most valuable techniques is distortion product otoacoustic emission recording (DPOAE), mostly 2f1-f2 distortion, which is described as being present regularly and indicating the strongest connection with hearing level. DPOAE amplitudes are analysed as relating to the frequency (DP-gram) or to the signal levels (input-output function). Another feature of DPOAE providing many details with regard to cochlear mechanics seems to be the assessment of 2f1-f2 DPOAE latencies. In the present study 2f1-f2 DPOAE amplitudes and latencies were analysed and compared in two groups: the elderly with presbyacousis and the young with normal hearing level. All measurements were taken using Otodynamics ILO 92 system. DPOAE latencies were recorded by phase gradient method with fixed-f1 and swept-f2 signal. The following signal parameters were used: f2 ranging from 732 to 6396 Hz, signal levels L1 = L2 = 70 dB SPL, f2/f1 ratio ranging from 1.18 to 1.25. According to the mathematical formula y = 1.412 + exp(7.685-0.7698*ln(f2)) 2f1-f2 DPOAE latencies were calculated in the group of young people at f2 = 1.0 kHz; 2.0 kHz; 3.0 kHz; 4.0 kHz; 5.0 kHz; 6.0 kHz as follows: 12.08 ms; 7.67 ms; 5.99 ms; 5.08 ms; 4.50 ms; 4.10 ms. The analogous analysis revealed the following results in the group of the elderly: y = 2.402 + exp(9.293-1.019*ln(f2)) and calculated latencies--11.9 ms; 7.09 ms; 5.50 ms; 4.71 ms; 4.24 ms; 3.93 ms. The greater differentiation of the latencies measured in low frequency band was observed in the elderly while in the young subjects in mid and high frequency bands. The 2f1-f2 DPOAE amplitudes recorded for the whole frequency band were significantly higher in the young people than in the elderly. No correlation was observed between latencies and amplitudes in both investigated groups.

[Assessment of usefulness of PCNA and protein p53 in subjects with laryngeal cancer with local recurrence]. / Ocena przydatnosci oznaczania markera PCNA i bialka P53 u chorych na raka krtani ze wznowa miejscowa.

The authors estimated PCNA and P53 in subjects with laryngeal cancer in whom local or nodal recurrences were observed. The study included 54 patients from Upper Silesia in age 37-79 years (mean 57 +/- 8.8). The mean value of the PCNA index in subjects with local recurrence (LR) was 24.2% +/- 12.1 while in subjects without LR 22.1% +/- 9.4 (p > 0.05). Additionally, 21 subjects were separated from the investigated group in whom no lymph node metastases were found during laryngectomy. Among these subjects in 16 LR was observed (PCNA index was 30.9% +/- 12.5) while in remaining 5 subjects, in whom LR did not develop, PCNA index was 21.7% +/- 11.2. Analysis of the P53 index in subjects with LR revealed significantly higher values (19.2% +/- 9.1) in comparison to cases without LR (13.2% +/- 6.3). Our study revealed usefulness of the P53 and PCNA as markers which could support the histological diagnostic process describing biology of the cancer cells. The demonstrated increase of PCNA and P53 index in patients with LR might be useful in prediction of LR.

[The prospective analysis of laryngeal cancer growth dynamics in compliance with evaluation of DNA content and ploidy in cytologic material]. / Ocena prospektywna dynamiki rozrostu raka krtani z uwzglednieniem badania ploidii i zawartosci DNA w materiale cytologicznym.

The aim of this study was evaluation of DNA ploidy in the cytological samples from patients with laryngeal cancer and comparison a type of DNA ploidy with histological grading (G) and staging of neoplasmatic process. The examinations were performed on 47 patients operated due to laryngeal cancer (3 women, 44 men, mean age 58). Cytological material was collected from squamous carcinoma tissue by imprinting method. Slides were staining by Feulgen method in order to quantitative analysis of DNA by static cytophotometry. In studied material, aneuploid, polyploid and hypoploid tumors were found in 22 patients and diploid tumors were found in 25 cases. Analysis of DNA ploidy type distribution in correlation to G feature showed:--diploid type were dominated in G1 and G2 tumors,--aneuploid and polyploid type were dominated in G3 tumors. Hypoploid and polyploid tumors were appeared in patients with metastases to cervical lymph nodes more frequently than in patients without metastases. Analysis of DNA ploidy complete traditional histopathological diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and may be useful in predicting metastases to cervical lymph nodes.

[Circadian rhythm disorders of the calcitonin and parathormone in the patients with cancer of the larynx after the complex treatment (surgery and radiotherapy)]. / Zaburzenia rytmu dobowego wydzielania kalcytoniny i parathormonu u chorych z rakiem krtani po leczeniu skojarzonym (chirurgia i radioterapia).

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of combined therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) on the level and circadian rhythm of thyroid and parathyroid hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate balance. A group of 18 patients with the laryngeal cancer was considered for the purpose of this study. In all the patients a total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy had been performed. The level of hormones (calcitonin and parathormone) and inorganic phosphates were measured before operation as well as one and six months after the end of combined treatment. The significant disorders of calcitonin and parathormone circadian rhythms were find.

[Evaluation of cochlear function by means of otoacoustic emission in children treated with cytostatic drugs in the course of bone marrow proliferative diseases]. / Ocena funkcji slimaka za pomoca otoemisji akustycznej u dzieci leczonych cytostatykami w przebiegu chorób rozrostowych ukladu krwiotwórczego.

The aim of study was cochlear function estimation by means otoacoustic emission in children treated by leukaemia cytostatic drugs in course of the bone marrow proliferative diseases. The children after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia or nongranulomatic malignant lymphoma according to BFM programme were examined in this study. Audiologic examination of children included tonal audiometry, tympanometry and otoacoustic emission as well. The results were compared to the findings of control group consisted of healthy children have never suffered from ear diseases and have never used ototoxic drugs. No significant differences in tonal audiometry and TEOAE were observed. Aggressive treatment of leukaemia does not result in hearing loss.

Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocytic infiltration in the tumor microenvironment in patients operated on for laryngeal cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate semiquantitative and qualitative analysis of lymphocytic infiltrations in a neoplasm microenvironment in patients with laryngeal cancers and the correlation analysis between the intensitivity degree and composition of lymphocytic infiltration in foreseeing a survival time and probability of the appearance of lymph node metastases. Postoperative specimens from 43 patients (Upper Silesia region) operated on for laryngeal cancer in the 2nd ENT Department, Silesian Medical University in Zabrze between 1985 and 1995 all had unfavorable courses due to tumor recurrences. The patients' ages ranged from 39 to 79 years (mean 57 years). Tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing. The degree of pathological changes was ascertained and immunohistochemical preparations of laryngeal tissue were prepared according to generally accepted methods. The following primary monoclonal antibodies were used: CD 3, CD 20, CD 43, CD 45 RO, CD 56. The distribution analysis of the intensity of the phenotype CD 43 evaluated the lymphocytic infiltration in relation to differentiation of the whole study group. The intensity of CD 43 cell infiltration increased in the group of patients with lymph node metastases. In patients with stage IV disease, a relationship was found between survival time and intensity of cell infiltrations with CD 43 and CD 45 RO lymphocytes. The influence of these two lymphocyte phenotypes in the patient subgroups - one after total laryngectomy with confirmed lymph node metastases and the other group without lymph node metastases - showed their prognostic value. Our analysis of lymphocytic infiltration, mostly of CD 43 cells, in the neoplasm microenvironment indicated a prognostic value for determining a shorter survival time and the possibility of lymph node metastases in patients with recurrences of cancer.

[Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland]. / Rak z komórek lojowych (carcinoma sebaceum) slinianki przyusznej.

A patient with sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland was described. Histologic criteria of the diagnosis were shown. On the basis on the review of literature repartition and characterization of this kind of neoplasms was discussed.

[The case of myoepithelioma of the parotid gland]. / Przypadek mioepitelioma slinianki przyusznej.

Myoepithelioma of the parotid gland occurs relatively rarely. In the literature was described only 33 cases of this tumors. It's growth's slow and distension. Basing upon the case of 48-year old woman, the authors discuss the difficulties of diagnostic, treatment and the course of the disease.

[Sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of defects after head and neck neoplasm surgery (preliminary report)]. / Plat skórno-miesniowy z miesnia mostkowo-obojczykowo-sutkowego w uzupelnieniu ubytku po operacjach nowotworów glowy i szyi (doniesienie wstepne).

Sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flaps have been used for reconstructive procedures in 6 oncologic patients. In two of them, flaps were used after pharyngolaryngectomy. Healing was successful and feeding tube removed 14 days after operation. In the other cases, flaps was used for reconstruction of defects of the floor of mouth tongue and lateral wall of pharynx. The flap healed primarily in three out of four cases. All patients underwent radiotherapy.

[A case of isolated malignant lymphoma of the subglottic region]. / Przypadek odosobnionego chloniaka zlosliwego okolicy podglosniowej krtani.

In this work the authors described a case of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma localized in the subglottic region of the larynx. Subglottic localization is extremely rare what make us to present our case.