[Endogenous ethanol and its possible participation in the activity of the central nervous system in healthy subjects and alcoholics]. / Endogennyi étanol i ego vozmozhnoe uchastie v deiatel'nosti tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy v norme i pri alkogolizme.

Blood concentrations of endogenous ethanol (EE) reflects the effects of various psychic and medicinal impacts. EE levels in alcoholic patients depend on the severity of alcoholism, emotional status and efficacy of treatment. Actualization of the pathologic craving for alcohol and other types of emotional excitement are attended by reduced EE concentrations whereas the disactualization of the pathological craving for alcohol and relaxation increase the EE levels. Stabilization of alcoholic patients' clinical status is attended by stabilization of EE values. It is suggested that acetaldehyde acts as a modulator of catecholamine levels both in normal subjects and alcoholics ensuring connection between EE levels and the status of the central nervous system.

[Effect of testosterone on ethanol oxidation during chronic alcoholism in castrated rats]. / Vliianie testosterona na okislenie étanola pri khronicheskom alkogolizme u kastrirovannykh krys.

It has been shown in non-alcoholized male rats that castration significantly and appreciably raises the level of endogenous ethanol. In chronic alcoholization of castrated and non-castrated rats, the rate of ethanol elimination (REE) is noticeably increased, with testosterone producing no essential effect on the REE. In the liver, alcohol dehydrogenase activity rises insignificantly under the effect of testosterone, whereas aldehyde dehydrogenase activity declines 30--100%.

[Features of the effects of apomorphine on rats of different sexes preferring ethyl alcohol]. / Osobennosti deistviia apomorfina na krys raznogo pola, predpochitaiushchikh étilovyi spirt.

The influence of apomorphine (1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) on the behavior and some pharmacokinetic parameters of both male and female rats preferring ethanol to water was studied experimentally. Upon withdrawal of ethanol, apomorphine decreased the time of transmission to water consumption in the rats of both sexes and prevented a decline in the endogenous ethanol levels, the latter effect being especially pronounced in the female rats. Investigations on the "Animex" actograph showed an intensified response to apomorphine in rats preferring ethanol, with female rats displaying a greater change in the response. Under conditions of a renewed access to ethanol, apomorphine increased the time of the restoration of the previous preference for ethanol to water (with a stronger effect seen in females) and lowered the rate of ethanol elimination from the blood (in the female rats exclusively). The effacement of the sex differences in ethanol addicted rats, and a greater damaging impact of ethanol on female rats are emphasized.

[Ethanol pharmacokinetics in narcotic action and endogenous ethanol in female rats]. / Farmakokinetika étanola pri narkoticheskom deistvii i éndogennyi étanol u krys-samok.

Experiments were made on female rats to demonstrate a positive correlation between the time of ethanol anesthesia in estrus and diestrus and (1) subsequent preference of ethanol to water (r = 0.68) and (2) ethanol consumption dosage (r = 0.72). In the same rats (during estrus and diestrus), the endogenous level and blood concentrations of ethanol were measured 30 minutes after administering the anesthetic dose (4.5 g/kg) and during the animal's "egress" from anesthesia. The low level of endogenous ethanol and rapid decrease of the blood ethanol concentration upon administering the anesthetic dose during estrus were characteristic of those female rats which, under the conditions of free choice, preferred ethanol to water and consumed it in large doses.

[Significance of the sex differences of experimental animals for ethanol and acetaldehyde pharmacokinetics]. / Znachenie polovykh razlichii éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh dlia farmakokinetiki étanola i atsetal'degida.

Studies of the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the blood and exhaled air and of acetaldehyde in exhaled air in rats of different sexes have shown that in the group of normal animals, the level of endogenous ethanol and maximal blood concentration of ethanol administered in the test dose (2.2 g/kg) was higher in females than in males. The decrease of ethanol concentration in the blood and exhaled air proceeds more rapidly in males, the content of acetaldehyde in exhaled air being elevated in all the animals. In the groups of animals preferring ethanol to water, the importance of sex differences as regards the parameters under study reduces, with changes in ethanol pharmacokinetics being more distinctive in females. Unlike normal animals, the decrease of ethanol concentration in the blood and exhaled air in alcoholized rats also entails diminution of acetaldehyde content in exhaled air. After ethanol withdrawal its endogenous level considerably drops, reaching the same level in females and males.