[Potentialities of photoactivated disinfection in dentistry]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniya fotoaktiviruemoi dezinfektsii v stomatologii.

Infection control is an essential part of dental practice. Oral antiseptics should be highly effective against the most common oral pathogens without causing microbial resistance, biocompatible with the human tissues with no interaction with fillings materials. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) is based on activation of photosensitizers - specific substances releasing active oxygen forms after absorption of the light. The active oxygen forms destroy bacterial cell structures without affecting human cells. The overwhelming majority of Russian and international researchers have reported high effectiveness of PAD in periodontics, implantology and endodontics, whereas the use of PAD in caries treatment and prevention is not so fully understood yet. Earlier studies have demonstrated high sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria to PAD, suggesting it as an additional minimally invasive caries therapy improving treatment effectiveness. PAD spares dental tissues without reduction in the effectiveness of disinfection. It is particularly important in treatment of deep carious lesions and disinfection of thin dentine layer near the pulp. Effectiveness of PAD in caries treatment has been demonstrated for both permanent and deciduous dentition. PAD doesn't affect bond strength to fillings, improves plasticity of dental pulp and dental hard tissues mineralization in children. Effective control of a wide range of bacteria without causing resistance makes PAD a prospective method of treatment and prevention of caries.

[Molar-incisor hypomineralization among 12-years old children in Arkhangelsk region]. / Moliarno-reztsovaia gipoplaziia u 12-letnikh detei Arkhangel'skoi oblasti.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) across genders and place of residence as well as its association with dental caries among 12-years-old children in Northwest Russia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study included 1233 (653 girls) randomly selected 12-years-old children from 7 urban and 5 rural areas of Arkhangelsk region. MIH and its severity were diagnosed using Weerheijm et al (2003) and Mathu-Muju & Wright (2006) criteria. Dental caries was studied at the D3 level following WHO (2013) recommendations. Prevalence of MIH and caries and means for Decayed-Missing-Filled (DMFT) scores are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pearson's chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used for dichotomous and numerical data, respectively. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MIH was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.44-3.07). The prevalence of mild MIH was 46.2% (95% CI: 28.8-64.5). Average and severe MIH were diagnosed in 26.9% (95% CI: 13.7-46.1) of children each. The prevalence of caries among those with and without MIH was 100% (95% CI: 87.1-100.0) and 74.8% (95% CI: 72.3-77.2), respectively (p=0.003). DMFT values for children with and without MIH were 4.46 (95% CI: 3.20-5.72) and 2.41 (95% CI: 2.28-2.53), respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of MIH in Northwest Russia is lower than in most other countries our findings suggest that hypomineralised molars are much more prone to caries.