[SPECIFICITY OF CONTENT AND MORPHOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN THREE BAT SPECIES OF KARELIA DURING HIBERNATION].

Pronounced leukopenia during hibernation was found in bats (Chiroptera) of Karelia - brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), Brandt's bat (Myotis brandtii) and northern bat (Eptesicus nilssoni). A higher content of lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils was revealed in the northern bat featuring an increased resistance to cold as compared to the Brandt's bat and the brown long-eared bat. The differences in ratio of particular lymphocyte types may be related to biological, ecological and physiological peculiarities of the species studied.

[MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NEUTROPHILS AND EOSINOPHILS GRANULES IN SAPPHIRE MINKS].

It has been established that sapphire minks have abnormality of subcellular structure of blood and bone marrow neutrophils and eosinophils. The abnormality consists in forming of abnormal "giant" granules. The si- ze and the number of abnormal granules significantly change during maturation of leucocytes in bone marrow. We have found differences between abnormal granules forming in neutrophils and eosinophils that depend on the maturing stage and the cells life cycle duration as well as morphofunctional features of these granulocytes.

[Light pollution, desynchronosis and aging: the state of problem and solutions].

The effect of different light conditions (constant illumination, light deprivation, the standard regime of lighting and natural for Northwest Russia lighting in different seasons of the annual cycle) on indicators of biological age and homeostasis, the development of age-related pathology, oncogenesis and longevity of rats was investigated. Exposure to constant light on the studied parameters was evaluated at different ages--antenatal, early and late postnatal period. The data about influences of substances and hormones of pineal gland on biomarkers of aging, homeostasis, spontaneous oncogenesis and longevity in experimental animals was obtained. It has been established that the light pollution and disturbance of photoperiod lead to desynchronosys and as a result to premature aging of the organism and age associated diseases. Ways of preventing accelerated aging were outlined.

[Influence of prenatal and postnatal illumination on male rat physiologycal parameters].

Influence of different light conditions on some physiological parameters of 3-month old male rats was studied. It was established that influence of constant light on mothers during pregnancy or on their posterity from birth leads to one-way changes of the antioxidant system, isoenzymatic spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase, blood indices and leucogram. However, the reaction is different and depends on moment of exposure. The results of testicular development of male rat indicate less sensitivity to light condition in the prenatal period compared to the postnatal ontogenesis.

[The melatonin influences on neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio of mammals blood depends on age of animals].

The influence of melatonin on age dynamics of neutrophils and lymphocytes in blood of laboratory rats kept under different light conditions and predatory mammals--farmer silver fox, raccoon dog kept under natural light (NL) was investigated. The decrease of lymphocyte level, increase neutrophils content and alteration of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio of aged rats (24 months) kept under natural light (NL) and standard light (LD) and adult silver foxes (2-5 years) kept under natural light in comparison with juvenile animals were detected. The reduced lymphocytes level and increased neutrophil level in rats under constant light (LL) were revealed in younger ages. The melatonin effect was detected in aged rats and adult silver foxes and not observed in juvenile animals.

[Effect of mutations affecting coat color on the blood lymphocyte structure in the American mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)].

American minks with different genotypes containing the Aleutian coat color allele in the homozygous state, including the single recessive Aleutian (a/a); double recessive sapphire (a/a p/p) and lavender (m/m a/a); triple recessive violet (m/m a/a p/p); and dominant-recessive cross sapphire (S/+ a/a p/p), sapphire leopard (S(K)/+ a/a p/p), and shadow sapphire (S(H)/+ a/a p/p) minks, as well as American minks without the Aleutian allele, including the standard (+/+); single recessive silver-blue (p/p) and hedlund-white (h/h); double recessive pearl (k/k p/p), Finnish topaz (t(S)/t(S) b/b); incompletely dominant royal silver (S(R)/+), standard leopard (S(K)/+), and black crystal (C(R)/+); and dominant-recessive snowy topaz (C(R)/+ t(S)/t(S) b/b) and Kujtezhy-spotted (S(K)/+ b/b) minks have been studied. Homozygosity for the a allele has been found to disturb the subcellular structure of leukocyte, namely the formation of abnormally large granules.

[Morphology and cytochemistry of abnormal cytoplasmic granules in blood leukocytes in sapphire minks (cytological and cytochemical study)].

Detailed morphological and cytochemical investigation of blood leukocytes was performed in minks of three genotypes: dark-brown minks (n=10), which had the color resembling that of the wild type, mutant silver-blue (p/p) minks (n=10), and sapphire minks (a/a p/p) (n=10). The sapphire minks were demonstrate to have a hereditary defect of leukocyte granules containing peroxidase, nonspecific esterases and non-enzymatic cationic protein. These granules have abnormally large size, the neutrophil cytoplasm contains one to several abnormal granules, they are numerous in eosinophil and basophil cytoplasm and rare in lymphocytes and monocytes. Morphological and cytochemical features indicate the similarity of hereditary leukocytes pathology of sapphire mink with that one found in human Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

[The influence of melatonin and epithalon on blood leukocyte count and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in rats under different lighting conditions during ontogenesis].

The effect of pineal body hormone melatonin and synthetic tetrapeptide epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) under different light conditions on leucocytes differential count in rats were investigated. It has been established that melatonin and epithalon decrease the level of blood leucocytes and relative content of band neutrophils in 12 months rats which was higher in the constant light more than in other photoperiod. The melatonin prevents age-specific decreasing blood lymphocytes level in standard photoperiod (12 h light/12 h darkness). Contrary to melatonin, epithalon significantly reduces the number of lymphocytes and increases the number of neutrophils in some age period. The leucocytes alkaline phosphatase activity was increased during aging. Constant light in compare with other light conditions promotes early increasing of alkaline phosphatase activity (at 12 months), associated with accelerated development of pathological process in organism. The melatonin and epithalon adjacency effect on increasing of alkaline phosphatase activity under the standard as well as natural light condition demonstrate homeostatic character of geroprotectors action furthermore depend on leucocytes functional status.

[Age related changes in rat blood leucocyte count and morpho-metrical parameters of large granular lymphocytes under different light regimens].

The effect of different light conditions on the age related level of blood leucocytes, leucocytes differential count and the morpho-metrical parameters of large granular lymphocytes in rats was investigated. It has been found that the senescent animals demonstrate disturbance in typical lymphocytes/ neutrophils ratio under condition with light and darkness changes natural and regular illumination. The total leucocytes number, the level of neutrophilic bands, eosynophils and large granular lymphocytes increased under continuous light illumination and natural photoperiod in Karelia. The comparatively lower level of lymphocytes and higher of neutrophils was formed earlier under light conditions without light and dark interchange, i.e. under long time light deprivation (DP) and under constant illumination (LL).

[Effect of mutilus hydrolysate in Aleutian disease of minks]. / Effekt gidrolizata iz midii pre aleutskoi bolezni norok.

Addition of mutilus hydrolysate MIGI-K to rations of minks with virus plasmacytosis involving grave immunological disorders led to changes in the ratio of serum protein fractions and in the differential blood count. Normalization of the protein spectrum of minks with Aleutian disease apparently inhibits the development of disorders caused by hypergammaglobullnemia.