Expression patterns of Mal genes and association with differential maltose and maltotriose transport rate of two Saccharomyces pastorianus yeasts.

Beer brewing is a well-known process that still faces great challenges, such as the total consumption of sugars present in the fermentation media. Lager-style beer, a major worldwide beer type, is elaborated by Saccharomyces pastorianus (Sp) yeast, which must ferment high maltotriose content worts, but its consumption represents a notable problem, especially among Sp strains belonging to group I. Factors, such as fermentation conditions, presence of maltotriose transporters, transporter copy number variation, and genetic regulation variations contribute to this issue. We assess the factors affecting fermentation in two Sp yeast strains: SpIB1, with limited maltotriose uptake, and SpIB2, known for efficient maltotriose transport. Here, SpIB2 transported significantly more maltose (28%) and maltotriose (32%) compared with SpIB1. Furthermore, SpIB2 expressed all MAL transporters (ScMALx1, SeMALx1, ScAGT1, SeAGT1, MTT1, and MPHx) on the first day of fermentation, whereas SpIB1 only exhibited ScMalx1, ScAGT1, and MPH2/3 genes. Some SpIB2 transporters had polymorphic transmembrane domains (TMD) resembling MTT1, accompanied by higher expression of these transporters and its positive regulator genes, such as MAL63. These findings suggest that, in addition to the factors mentioned above, positive regulators of Mal transporters contribute significantly to phenotypic diversity in maltose and maltotriose consumption among the studied lager yeast strains.IMPORTANCEBeer, the third most popular beverage globally with a 90% market share in the alcoholic beverage industry, relies on Saccharomyces pastorianus (Sp) strains for lager beer production. These strains exhibit phenotypic diversity in maltotriose consumption, a crucial process for the acceptable organoleptic profile in lager beer. This diversity ranges from Sp group II strains with a notable maltotriose-consuming ability to Sp group I strains with limited capacity. Our study highlights that differential gene expression of maltose and maltotriose transporters and its upstream trans-elements, such as MAL gene-positive regulators, adds complexity to this variation. This insight can contribute to a more comprehensive analysis needed to the development of controlled and efficient biotechnological processes in the beer brewing industry.

Comprehensive Analysis of CdS Ultrathin Films Modified by the Substrate Position inside the Reactor Container Using the CBD Technique.

The cadmium sulfide (CdS) n-type semiconductor is one of the most used as a window layer in thin-film solar cells, such as CdTe, CIS, CIGS, and CZTS. Optoelectronic properties are the most important characteristics for window materials. CdS thin films obtained using the chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) have been reported; however, large amounts of precursor solutions are used, which generate considerable amounts of toxic waste. The aim of this work is to reduce the amount of precursor solutions used for CdS growth; for this, it is necessary to consider an efficient position for the substrate inside the reactor container and at the same time allow obtaining CdS thin films with adequate physical properties to be applied in the photovoltaic solar cell development. CdS thin films were deposited on soda-lime/SnO2:F substrates (FTO) using the CBD technique; the substrates were placed in three different arrangements [rack system, step system (up), and step system (down)]. CdS samples with areas of 4 cm2 and a thickness of 27-48 nm were obtained; the X-ray diffraction patterns show CdS thin films with different polycrystalline structures. The morphological measurements reveal different surface formations depending on the substrate position, and resistivity values of around 105 Ω*cm were measured. UV-vis spectra show transmittance values of around 45-94% in the visible region with band gap energy values of around 2.1-2.36 eV. The best physical properties of CdS thin films and an efficient CBD process were obtained when the FTO substrates were located near the bottom of the reactor container with the FTO side down, leading to an optimal configuration that allows reducing the amount of precursor solutions and in this way reduces the toxic waste generated. These results are important in the photovoltaic technology process and environmental impact.

Driver Identification Using Statistical Features of Motor Activity and Genetic Algorithms.

Driver identification refers to the process whose primary purpose is identifying the person behind the steering wheel using collected information about the driver him/herself. The constant monitoring of drivers through sensors generates great benefits in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), to learn more about the behavior of road users. Currently, there are many research works that address the subject in search of creating intelligent models that help to identify vehicle users in an efficient and objective way. However, the different methodologies proposed to create these models are based on data generated from sensors that include different vehicle brands on routes established in real environments, which, although they provide very important information for different purposes, in the case of driver identification, there may be a certain degree of bias due to the different situations in which the route environment may change. The proposed method seeks to intelligently and objectively select the most outstanding statistical features from motor activity generated in the main elements of the vehicle with genetic algorithms for driver identification, this process being newer than those established by the state-of-the-art. The results obtained from the proposal were an accuracy of 90.74% to identify two drivers and 62% for four, using a Random Forest Classifier (RFC). With this, it can be concluded that a comprehensive selection of features can greatly optimize the identification of drivers.

Carcinoid Tumor of the Cecal Appendix.

Cecal appendix tumors are unusual and have a low frequency of presentation, which is reported between 0.2 and 0.5% of all digestive tract tumors. From the mentioned tumors, the carcinoid ones are the most common neoplasms of the cecal appendix and are characterized in most cases by slow growth and an asymptomatic clinical course. However, in some cases, they can present as a metastatic disease with fatal outcomes. We report the case of a 24-year-old female patient with a typical case of acute appendicitis, in whom an additional diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor is obtained upon receipt of the pathology report. The prognosis of appendicular carcinoid tumors is good, with a five-year survival rate of 95%-100% and a recurrence rate of less than 1%.

Identification of potential target genes in Homo sapiens, by miRNA of Triticum aestivum: A cross kingdom computational approach.

Plant-derived miRNAs can be found in the human body after dietary intake, and they can affect post-transcriptional gene regulation in human. It is important to identify targets to determine the possible effects in human genes by using computational approach. In this study, 787 possible mRNAs human targets were predicted by 84 miRNAs of wheat. A total of 14 miRNAs were identified with individual binding to 33 mRNAs associated with schizophrenia, epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders, and various cancers, located in the 3'UTR of the mRNA. A functional enrichment was carried out, where the results showed associations to pathways such as dopaminergic synapse (hsa04728), and signaling pathways, significantly associated with the target genes. The prediction of target mRNAs in humans by wheat miRNAs, offer candidates that could facilitate the search and verification, which could be of relevance for future projects and therefor contribute in the therapeutic treatment of various human diseases.

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus albus Strain IB84, Isolated from Mexican Soil.

Bacillus albus is a new species, but it lies on the borderline with Bacillus thuringiensis In this work, we report a strain previously identified as Bacillus thuringiensis IB84, which now, based on average nucleotide identity and rRNA 16S, gyrB, groEL, and xre gene sequences, must be identified as Bacillus albus.

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus toyonensis Strain GM18, Isolated from Agricultural Soil.

Bacillus toyonensis is a recently described species related to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis The GM18 strain previously identified as B. thuringiensis is now classified as B. toyonensis based on the RNA 16S sequence and whole-genome average nucleotide identity. The genome analysis revealed the presence of insecticide, nematicide, and antitumoral proteins.

Mycotic aortic aneurysms treated by endovascular repair: initial experience in a single center.

INTRODUCTION: Mycotic aortic aneurysm (MAA) is an uncommon cause of aneurysmal aortic disease. However, it may have an aggressive presentation and a complicated early outcome. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of MAA is emerging as an alternative to open repair (OR) for the treatment of these aneurysms, particularly in high-risk surgical patients. We report a single-center experience with the endovascular management of mycotic aortic aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms were treated with an endovascular stent graft at Centre Hospitalier Régional du Val de Sambre, Belgium. The mean follow-up was 15 months. Technical success was achieved in all two patients. CT-scan follow up showed shrinkage of the aneurysm sac, with no evidence of infection along the stent graft and no signs of endoleakage in all patients. One patient died during the follow-up period from a cause unrelated to the aneurysm. CONCLUSION: EVAR is an effective and safe option and might be a suitable alternative to OR in the absence of predictors of poor prognosis for the treatment of non-complicated forms of MAA.

Características histopatológicas de las tumoraciones anexiales / Histopathologic features of adnexal tumors

Se estima que 1 de cada 10 mujeres tendrá un tumor anexial a lo largo de su vida, la mayoría de las cuales requerirá evaluación quirúrgica. Es prioritario descartar la naturaleza maligna, cuyo riesgo aumenta con la edad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de las tumoraciones anexiales según edad, localización y malignidad. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Institución: Servicios de Ginecología y Oncología Ginecológica, Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Perú. Material: Registros de histopatología. Métodos: Revisión de los resultados histopatológicos de 876 pacientes operadas en los años 2013 y 2014 con diagnóstico postoperatorio de tumoración anexial; incluyeron piezas quirúrgicas de anexectomía, ooforectomía, histerectomía con anexectomía y tumores paratubáricos y paraováricos. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencia, localización y malignidad de las tumoraciones. Resultados: El 73% de las tumoraciones correspondió a patología ovárica, 14% a patología tubárica y 13% a patología paratubàrica. El 7% (61) tuvo naturaleza maligna. De las 482 tumoraciones ováricas benignas, 282 fueron cistoadenomas serosos (67,5%). Los teratomas maduros estuvieron presentes en mujeres con edad media de 32 años. De los 61 casos de neoplasias ováricas malignas, presentes a una edad promedio de 63 años, el 26,2% perteneció al tipo adenocarcinoma seroso papilar. Conclusiones: Los cistoadenomas serosos fueron las tumoraciones anexiales más frecuentes, diagnosticadas en una edad promedio de 42,4 años. Hubo un elevado porcentaje de tumoraciones ováricas no neoplásicas (18,8%). El 7% de las tumoraciones fueron malignas y el tipo más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma seroso papilar, cuyo diagnóstico ocurrió a una edad promedio de 56 años.

About 1 in 10 women will present an adnexal tumor in her life and most will require surgical evaluation to rule out a malignant nature considering that risk of malignancy increases with age. Objective: To determine the frequency and malignancy of adnexal tumors by age, location and malignancy. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Ginecology and Gynecologic Oncology Services, Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. Material: Histopathology registries. Methods: Review of histopathology results of 876 patients who had surgery in 2013-2014 for adnexal tumor, that included anexectomies, oophorectomies, hysterectomies with adnexectomy and both paratubarian and paraovaric tumors. Main outcome measures: Tumor frequencies, localization and malignancy. Results: Out of 876 adnexal tumors, 73% were ovarian pathology, 14% tubal and 13% paratubal; 7% (61) were malignant. From the 482 benign ovarian tumors, serous cystadenoma corresponded to 282 (67.5%) cases. Mature teratomas occurred in average 32-year-old women. Out of the 61 cases of malignant ovarian tumors, which presented to women with an average age of 63 years, 26.2% were papillary serous adenocacinoma. Conclusions: Serous cystadenomas were the most frequent adnexal tumors. A high percentage of non-neoplastic ovarian tumors were found (18.8%); 7% of the tumors were malignant, and the most frequent of these was the papillary serous adenocarcinoma, which was diagnosed at an average age of 56 years.

Insulin elicits a ROS-activated and an IP3-dependent Ca²âº release, which both impinge on GLUT4 translocation.

Insulin signaling includes generation of low levels of H2O2; however, its origin and contribution to insulin-stimulated glucose transport are unknown. We tested the impact of H2O2 on insulin-dependent glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. H2O2 increased the translocation of GLUT4 with an exofacial Myc-epitope tag between the first and second transmembrane domains (GLUT4myc), an effect additive to that of insulin. The anti-oxidants N-acetyl L-cysteine and Trolox, the p47(phox)-NOX2 NADPH oxidase inhibitory peptide gp91-ds-tat or p47(phox) knockdown each reduced insulin-dependent GLUT4myc translocation. Importantly, gp91-ds-tat suppressed insulin-dependent H2O2 production. A ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel agonist stimulated GLUT4myc translocation and insulin stimulated RyR1-mediated Ca(2+) release by promoting RyR1 S-glutathionylation. This pathway acts in parallel to insulin-mediated stimulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-activated Ca(2+) channels, in response to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its downstream target phospholipase C, resulting in Ca(2+) transfer to the mitochondria. An inhibitor of IP3 receptors, Xestospongin B, reduced both insulin-dependent IP3 production and GLUT4myc translocation. We propose that, in addition to the canonical α,ß phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to Akt pathway, insulin engages both RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release and IP3-receptor-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, and that these signals jointly stimulate glucose uptake.

Consumo de cafeína en estudiantes de medicina y su coexistencia con sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva / Caffeine consumption in medical students and it’s coexistence with depressive and anxious symptomatology

Objetivo: Determinar el consumo de cafeína y su relación con sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 384 personas de cuatro años de estudio de la facultad de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú; excluyéndose a 6. Se utilizó una encuesta estructurada para la evaluación de consumo de cafeína, y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg -EADG, siendo los puntos de corte 4 para ansiedad y 3 para depresión. Resultados: El 96,3% de participantes consumen cafeína en un nivel promedio de 147,35 mg/día, 34,13% presentó sintomatología ansiosa, 29,89% depresiva y 20,63% síntomas de ambas. No se encontró relación entre el grado de consumo de cafeína y la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Conclusiones: El consumo de cafeína en estudiantes de medicina resultó igual o inferior a lo descrito en otros estudios. No se encontró relación entre el consumo de cafeína y la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. (AU).

Objetive: To evaluate the caffeine intake, anxious and depressive symptoms, and its relation, on medical students. Material and methods: A transversal descriptive study was performed with 384 persons from four different grades from School of Medicine of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 6 were excluded following the exclusion criteria. A structured questionnaire was used for the evaluation of caffeine intake and the Goldberg’s Anxiety and Depression Scale, using as cut off 4 for anxiety and 3 for depression. Results: 96.3% have caffeine consumption, with mean intake of 147.35 mg/day, 34.13% present anxious symptoms; 29.89% depressive symptoms and 20.63% both. No statistical relation was found between caffeine consumption and anxious or depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The medical students’ caffeine intake was equal or less than other reports. There was no statistic relation between caffeine intake and anxious or depressive sintomatology. (AU).

Folículos linfoides en mucosa gástrica de pacientes con gastritis crónica asociada a helicobacter pylori / Lymphoid follicles in gastric mucose of patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis

Objetivo: Determinar con que frecuencia se presentan foliculos linfoides en la mucosa gástrica de pacientes con gastritis crónica asociada a Helicobacter pylori. Material y métodos: La población del presente estudio incluyó todas las láminas de estudio histopatológico coloreadas con hematoxilina y eosina, y bloques de parafina correspondientes a pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de gastritis crónica atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, cuyas biopsias fueron tomadas por endoscopía desde el 1 de enero de 1988 al 31 de diciembre de 1998. Ubicadas las láminas se identificó folículos linfoides, el tipo de gastritis crónica y la actividad de la misma. De los bloques de parafina se realizaron nuevos cortes histológicos para la detección de Helicobacter pylori a través de la coloracion Warthin Starry. Resultados: Folículos linfoides fueron identificados en el 49,28 por ciento y Helicobacter pylori en el 67,39 por ciento de las biopsias gástricas. Fóliculos linfoides se identificaron en el 59,14 por ciento de las biopsias de pacientes con gastritis crónica asociada a helicobacter pylori. (p menor que 0,01). Folículos linfoides estuvieron presentes en el 54.87 por ciento y Helicobacter pylori en el 80,53 por ciento de las biopsias correspondientes a gastritis crónica activa. ( p menor que 0,01) La frecuencia de folículos linfoides según edad del paciente no presentó variación estadísticamente significativa. (p mayor que 0,05). Conclusión: Folículos linfoides estuvieron presentes en el 59,14 por ciento de pacientes con gastritis crónica asociada a Helicobacter pylori.