Comparing the periodontal clinical effect between conventional and self-ligating brackets: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: orthodontists constantly seek to reduce the duration of their provided treatments and the patient's time in the office. for this reason, different bracket systems are currently used in orthodontics; an example is self-ligating brackets (SLB) which are believed to offer advantages over conventional brackets (CB). objective: to evaluate and compare the clinical periodontal effect of CB and SLB through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. material and method: a search of the literature was carried out until December 2017, in the biomedical databases: PubMed, Embase, SciELO, ScienceDirect, SIGLE, LILACS, BBO, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. the selection criteria of the studies were defined as such: randomized clinical trials, up to 5 years old and that report the clinical effects (probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index) from the use of CB and SLB. the risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane Handbook of systematic reviews of interventions. results: the search strategy resulted in 12 articles, eight of which reported no difference in the reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index (p>0.05) between CB and SLB. conclusion: the literature reviewed suggests that there are no differences in the periodontal clinical effect among patients who received orthodontic treatment with CB or SLB.

Linfoma de Burkitt en un escolar con infección perinatal por VIH lentamente progresiva / Burkitt's lymphoma in a school boy with slow progression perinatally acquired HIV

Resumen Las manifestaciones clínicas en los niños con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de transmisión perinatal, pueden ser de inicio precoz o tardío. El linfoma asociado a VIH es una manifestación tardía que se asocia a estadios avanzados de inmunosupresión. Se presenta el caso de un escolar de 9 años con diagnóstico de novo de infección por VIH que debutó con un linfoma de Burkitt. En niños, la frecuencia de esta asociación es de 1-2% con pocos casos reportados en la literatura médica.

Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present early or late clinical disease. HIV-associated lymphoma is a later manifestation that is associated with advanced immunosuppression (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -AIDS). This is a case of a 9-year-old boy with recent diagnosis of HIV with Burkitt's lymphoma as first clinical manifestation. In children, the frequency of this association is very low and there are few cases reported.

Clinical effect of platelet rich fibrin in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: There is currently no gold standard biomaterial for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects (PIDs). One of the current options is the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Objective: To determine the clinical effect of PRF in the treatment of PID through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted up to February 2017 in the following biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, SIGLE, LILACS and in the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria included: randomized clinical trials published in the last 5 years, reporting clinical effects (probing depth, clinical insertion level or gingival recession), with a follow-up time equal to or greater than 6 months, and sample size larger than or equal to 10 patients reporting the use of PRF as a treatment for PID. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions as a reference. Results: The search strategy yielded 20 articles. A reduction in probing depth and an increase in clinical insertion level or a reduction in gingival recession is reported, when using PRF alone or in combination with another biomaterial or substance that stimulates tissue regeneration. Conclusion: The literature suggests that the use of PRF in the treatment of PIDs has a beneficial clinical effect when compared to control treatments.

Clinical effect of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: One of the consequences of periodontitis is periodontal intrabony defects (PID). Various biomaterials have been used for its treatment, but there is still no biomaterial considered as the gold standard. Current research is focused on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of PID. Objective: To determine the clinical effect of PRP in the treatment of PID through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted until February 2017 in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, SIGLE, LILACS, IBECS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials. The criteria for the selection of the studies, which were randomized clinical trials, were the following: articles or papers published in the last 5 years, reporting clinical effects, with a follow-up time equal to or greater than 6 months, and a sample size equal to or greater than 10 patients reporting the use of PRP as a treatment for PID. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions as a reference. Results: The search strategy yielded nine articles reporting a reduction in probing depth and gingival recession, and an increase in clinical insertion level when using PRP alone or in combination with another biomaterial. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that the use of PRP in the treatment of PID has a positive clinical effect.

[Burkitt's lymphoma in a school boy with slow progression perinatally acquired HIV]. / Linfoma de Burkitt en un escolar con infección perinatal por VIH lentamente progresiva.

Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present early or late clinical disease. HIV-associated lymphoma is a later manifestation that is associated with advanced immunosuppression (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -AIDS). This is a case of a 9-year-old boy with recent diagnosis of HIV with Burkitt's lymphoma as first clinical manifestation. In children, the frequency of this association is very low and there are few cases reported.

Eagle syndrome: a narrative review / Síndrome de Eagle: una revisión narrativa

Abstract: painful disorders in the maxillofacial region are common in dental practice. Most of these conditions are not properly diagnosed because of inadequate knowledge of craniofacial and cervico-pharyngeal syndromes such as Eagle Syndrome. The aim of this review is to describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome. Eagle syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome was first described by Watt W. Eagle in 1937. It was defined as orofacial pain related to the elongation of the styloid process and ligament stylohyoid calcification. The condition is accompanied by symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, sore throat, glossitis, earache, tonsillitis, facial pain, headache, pain in the temporomandibular joint and inability to perform lateral movements of the neck. Diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome based on symptoms and radiographic examination of the patient will determine the need for surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Eagle syndrome is a complex disorder demanding a thorough knowledge of its signs and symptoms to make a correct diagnosis and provide an appropriate subsequent treatment. Disseminating information about this syndrome among medical-dental professionals is essential to provide adequate dental care to patients.

Resumen: en la práctica odontológica, es frecuente encontrar alteraciones con sintomatología dolorosa en la región maxilofacial, las cuales no son apropiadamente diagnosticadas, a causa del desconocimiento de síndromes craneofaciales y cervicofaríngeos, como el Síndrome de Eagle. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los aspectos generales, diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle. El Síndrome de Eagle o estilalgia es la entidad nosológica, descrita por Watt W. Eagle en 1937, definida como aquel dolor orofacial relacionado con la elongación de la apófisis estiloides y calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo; el cual está acompañado de síntomas como: disfonía, disfagia, dolor faríngeo, glositis, otalgia, tonsilitis, dolor facial, cefalea, odinofagia, dolor en la articulación temporomandibular e imposibilidad de realizar movimientos laterales del cuello. El diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle está basado en la sintomatología y el examen radiográfico del paciente, lo cual determinará el tratamiento quirúrgico o no quirúrgico. El Síndrome de Eagle es una patología compleja que requiere un conocimiento amplio de sus signos y síntomas, para establecer un correcto diagnóstico y posteriormente un adecuado tratamiento. Para ello, es necesario difundir la información sobre este síndrome entre los profesionales médico-odontológico y así brindar una atención adecuada a cada uno de los pacientes.

Dental implant survival rate in well controlled diabetic patients: a systematic review / Tasa de supervivencia de implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos controlados: una revisión sistemática

Abstract: Background: dental implants have now become one of the most popular options for replacing a missing tooth. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that affects a large part of the population and is generally considered an absolute or relative contraindication to implant therapy. Aim: To determine the survival rate of dental implants in controlled diabetic patients through a systematic review. Material and methods: A systematic search in Pubmed, SciELO and RedALyC databases was performed. The selection criteria were: studies published in the last 10 years, with at least 20 controlled diabetic patients, reporting survival rate and number of implants placed, with follow-up periods equal to or longer than 1 year, including a control group of healthy patients. Methodological quality was analyzed with the follwing scales: Jadad and Downs & Black’s CMQ. Results: Three articles with a follow-up period between 1 and 12 years were analyzed. The overall survival rate of dental implants in diabetic controlled patients was 97.43 percent. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that survival rate of dental implants in well-controlled diabetic patients is similar to non diabetic patients.

Resumen: Antecedentes: los implantes dentales se han convertido actualmente en una de las opciones más populares para sustituir un diente perdido. Por otro lado, la diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad sistémica que afecta a gran parte de la población y es considerada generalmente una contraindicación absoluta o relativa en la terapia con implantes. Objetivo: Determinar mediante una revisión sistemática la tasa de supervivencia de implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos controlados. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos biomédicas Pubmed, SciELO y RedALyC. Los criterios de selección fueron: estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años, con al menos 20 pacientes diabéticos controlados, que reporten tasa de supervivencia y número de implantes colocados, con un seguimiento igual o superior a 1 año, con un grupo control de pacientes sanos. Se analizó la calidad metodológica de los estudios con las escalas Jadad y CMQ de Downs y Black. Resultados: Se analizaron tres artículos con un seguimiento de entre 1 y 12 años. La tasa de supervivencia global de los implantes dentales en los pacientes diabéticos controlados fue de un 97.43 por ciento. Conclusión: La literatura revisada sugiere que la supervivencia de los implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos bien controlados es similar a pacientes no diabéticos.

Mamíferos pequeños en la dieta de la lechuza tyto alba (strigiformes: tytonidae) en dos localidades del occidente de Ecuador, con ampliación distribucional de Ichthyomys hydrobates (rodentia: cricetidae)

En el presente estudio a partir de 107 egagrópilas de la lechuza, determinamos el consumo de 300 presas agrupadas en 21 especies, las egagrópilas fueron colectadas en dos localidades de diferente ambiente Los Santiagos y La Ciénaga, en las provincias de Chimborazo y Manabí, al occidente de Ecuador. Nuestros análisis revelaron una dieta compuesta mayoritariamente de mamíferos pequeños, sobre todo roedores, quienes constituyeron el 80%. Entre las presas más abundantes se encontró a Oligoryzomys sp. que representó el 38.7% de la dieta en las muestras de Los Santiagos y Sigmodon peruanus 33.6% en La Ciénaga, siendo el 22,5% y 41% respectivamente de la biomasa total consumida para cada sitio. La rata cangrejera Ichthyomys hydrobates es reportada por primera vez en la dieta de la lechuza y también en la localidad de Los Santiagos, ampliando el rango distribucional de este roedor para el centro-sur al occidente de Ecuador en aproximadamente 200 km.

We analyzed 107 owl pellets and determined 300 prey items grouped into 21 species. The pellets were collected at two locations with different environments: Los Santiagos and La Ciénaga in the province of Chimborazo and Manabí in western Ecuador. Our analysis revealed a diet mostly comprised on small mammals, especially rodents which constituted 80%. Among the most abundant prey were Oligoryzomys sp. which accounted for 38.7% of the diet in Los Santiagos' samples and Sigmodon peruanus 33.6% in La Ciénaga, being 22.5% and 41% respectively of the total biomass consumed at each site. The crab-eating rat Ichthyomys hydrobates is first reported in this owl's diet and in the locality of Los Santiagos. This record extends the distributional range of I. hydrobates to southwest Ecuador by about 200 km.

Mamíferos pequeños en la dieta de la lechuza tyto alba (strigiformes: tytonidae) en dos localidades del occidente de Ecuador, con ampliación distribucional de Ichthyomys hydrobates (rodentia: cricetidae)

En el presente estudio a partir de 107 egagrópilas de la lechuza, determinamos el consumo de 300 presas agrupadas en 21 especies, las egagrópilas fueron colectadas en dos localidades de diferente ambiente Los Santiagos y La Ciénaga, en las provincias de Chimborazo y Manabí, al occidente de Ecuador. Nuestros análisis revelaron una dieta compuesta mayoritariamente de mamíferos pequeños, sobre todo roedores, quienes constituyeron el 80%. Entre las presas más abundantes se encontró a Oligoryzomys sp. que representó el 38.7% de la dieta en las muestras de Los Santiagos y Sigmodon peruanus 33.6% en La Ciénaga, siendo el 22,5% y 41% respectivamente de la biomasa total consumida para cada sitio. La rata cangrejera Ichthyomys hydrobates es reportada por primera vez en la dieta de la lechuza y también en la localidad de Los Santiagos, ampliando el rango distribucional de este roedor para el centro-sur al occidente de Ecuador en aproximadamente 200 km.(AU)

We analyzed 107 owl pellets and determined 300 prey items grouped into 21 species. The pellets were collected at two locations with different environments: Los Santiagos and La Ciénaga in the province of Chimborazo and Manabí in western Ecuador. Our analysis revealed a diet mostly comprised on small mammals, especially rodents which constituted 80%. Among the most abundant prey were Oligoryzomys sp. which accounted for 38.7% of the diet in Los Santiagos' samples and Sigmodon peruanus 33.6% in La Ciénaga, being 22.5% and 41% respectively of the total biomass consumed at each site. The crab-eating rat Ichthyomys hydrobates is first reported in this owl's diet and in the locality of Los Santiagos. This record extends the distributional range of I. hydrobates to southwest Ecuador by about 200 km.(AU)

Tratamiento con everolimus de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes / Everolimus treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es un desorden genético autosómico dominante, con manifestaciones multisistémicas. Una de ellas es la aparición de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes, lesión mínimamente infiltrativa, comúnmente localizada en el ventrículo lateral y frecuentemente evidenciada clínicamente por síntomas relacionados con aumento de la presión intracraneana. La resección quirúrgica es el estándar de tratamiento, sin embargo, una nueva molécula llamada Everolimus, que bloquea mTOR, proteína intracelular responsable del crecimiento y proliferación celular, es una nueva opción terapéutica para estos pacientes, ya que conlleva menos morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 4 años, 10 meses quien presento un cuadro inicial de limitación en movimientos del hemicuerpo izquierdo y en quien posteriormente se llegó al diagnóstico de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes. Se administró tratamiento con Everolimus mostrando disminución significativa del tamaño del tumor y resolución de los síntomas.

Indirect method for quantifying the content of photosynthetic pigments in genotypes of dwarf elephant grass / Método indireto de quantificação do conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos em genótipos de capim-elefante anão

Equations that indirectly associate the rates obtained by chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 to chlorophyll and carotenoids rates of dwarf elephant grass genotype are provided. Leaves of the genotype of dwarf elephant grass were employed. After being collected, they were transported in light-protected styrofoam boxes to the Plant Physiology Laboratory of UENF. Leaf discs of the known area were then extracted. An average of 5 readings/leaf disc were undertaken by portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, with 6 discs for each range and distributed according to the following scale: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 4050; 50-60. Chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 provides a quick and efficient estimate of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in genotypes of dwarf elephant grass.(AU)

O objetivo deste ensaio foi determinar equações que indiretamente associem os valores obtidos no medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 aos teores de clorofila e carotenóides de genótipos de capim-elefante anão. Folhas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão foram utilizadas e, depois de coletadas, foram transportadas em caixas de isopor, protegidas da luz, até o laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da UENF. Posteriormente, os discos foliares de área conhecida foram extraídos. Com o auxílio do medidor portátil de clorofila (MPC) SPAD-502, foi obtida a média de 5 leituras/disco foliar e utilizaram-se 6 discos para cada intervalo, distribuídos de acordo com a seguinte escala de valores do MPC: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 4050; 50-60. O medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 possibilitou uma rápida e eficaz estimativa do conteúdo de clorofila total, clorofila-a e clorofila-b em genótipos de capim-elefante anão.(AU)

Indirect method for quantifying the content of photosynthetic pigments in genotypes of dwarf elephant grass / Método indireto de quantificação do conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos em genótipos de capim-elefante anão

Equations that indirectly associate the rates obtained by chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 to chlorophyll and carotenoids rates of dwarf elephant grass genotype are provided. Leaves of the genotype of dwarf elephant grass were employed. After being collected, they were transported in light-protected styrofoam boxes to the Plant Physiology Laboratory of UENF. Leaf discs of the known area were then extracted. An average of 5 readings/leaf disc were undertaken by portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, with 6 discs for each range and distributed according to the following scale: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 4050; 50-60. Chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 provides a quick and efficient estimate of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in genotypes of dwarf elephant grass.

O objetivo deste ensaio foi determinar equações que indiretamente associem os valores obtidos no medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 aos teores de clorofila e carotenóides de genótipos de capim-elefante anão. Folhas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão foram utilizadas e, depois de coletadas, foram transportadas em caixas de isopor, protegidas da luz, até o laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da UENF. Posteriormente, os discos foliares de área conhecida foram extraídos. Com o auxílio do medidor portátil de clorofila (MPC) SPAD-502, foi obtida a média de 5 leituras/disco foliar e utilizaram-se 6 discos para cada intervalo, distribuídos de acordo com a seguinte escala de valores do MPC: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 4050; 50-60. O medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 possibilitou uma rápida e eficaz estimativa do conteúdo de clorofila total, clorofila-a e clorofila-b em genótipos de capim-elefante anão.

Características fotossintéticas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão(Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ), em estresse hídrico / Photosynthetic characteristics of dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ) genotypes under different hydric conditions

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as trocas gasosas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão, em diferentes condições hídricas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram avaliados três genótipos de capim-elefanteanão (Mott, CNPGL 94-34-3 e CNPGL 92-198-7) em duas condições de umidade do solo: irrigado (I) e não-irrigado (NI). Foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos I e NI para todos os genótipos em relação à taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, transpiração e déficit de pressão de vapor. O genótipo CNPGL 94-34-3 apresentou maior tolerância ao estresse hídrico, seguido pelos genótipos Mott e CNPGL 92-198-7. Todos os genótipos avaliados apresentaram, em condições ideais de umidade do solo, alta taxa fotossintética, caracterizando, deste modo, os genótipos estudados como plantas de elevada eficiência fotossintética.

The experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate the gas exchange of dwarf elephant grass genotypes under different hydric conditions, in a randomized design with three replications. Genotypes of dwarf elephant grass (Mott, CNPGL 94-34-3 and CNPGL 92-198-7) were analyzed under two hydric conditions: irrigated (I) and non-irrigated (NI). Differences between treatments I and NI were observed for all genotypes for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water vapor pressure deficit. Genotype CNPGL 94-34-3 presente dhighest tolerance to hydric stress, followed by Mott and CNPGL 92-198-7 genotypes. All genotypes presented high photosynthetic rate, under ideal conditions of soil humidity, thus characterizing the analyzed dwarf elephant grass genotypes as plants with highphoto synthetic efficiency.

Características fotossintéticas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão(Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ), em estresse hídrico / Photosynthetic characteristics of dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ) genotypes under different hydric conditions

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as trocas gasosas de genótipos de capim-elefante anão, em diferentes condições hídricas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram avaliados três genótipos de capim-elefanteanão (Mott, CNPGL 94-34-3 e CNPGL 92-198-7) em duas condições de umidade do solo: irrigado (I) e não-irrigado (NI). Foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos I e NI para todos os genótipos em relação à taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, transpiração e déficit de pressão de vapor. O genótipo CNPGL 94-34-3 apresentou maior tolerância ao estresse hídrico, seguido pelos genótipos Mott e CNPGL 92-198-7. Todos os genótipos avaliados apresentaram, em condições ideais de umidade do solo, alta taxa fotossintética, caracterizando, deste modo, os genótipos estudados como plantas de elevada eficiência fotossintética.(AU)

The experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate the gas exchange of dwarf elephant grass genotypes under different hydric conditions, in a randomized design with three replications. Genotypes of dwarf elephant grass (Mott, CNPGL 94-34-3 and CNPGL 92-198-7) were analyzed under two hydric conditions: irrigated (I) and non-irrigated (NI). Differences between treatments I and NI were observed for all genotypes for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water vapor pressure deficit. Genotype CNPGL 94-34-3 presente dhighest tolerance to hydric stress, followed by Mott and CNPGL 92-198-7 genotypes. All genotypes presented high photosynthetic rate, under ideal conditions of soil humidity, thus characterizing the analyzed dwarf elephant grass genotypes as plants with highphoto synthetic efficiency.(AU)

Estimation of the undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber of the tropical forages from lignin concentration / Predição da fração indegradável da fibra em detergente neutro em forragens tropicais a partir da concentração de lignina

The potential undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber of tropical grasses predicted through the equations adopted by the nutritional systems CNCPS and NRC-2001, were validated. The equation recommended by NRC-2001 was used with (NRCII) or without the empiric correction factor proposed of Detmann et al. (2004). A total of 540 samples were used, obtained from manual grazing simulation and esophageal extrusa, from hays and from tropical grasses submitted to different fertilizing levels and cutting ages, cultivated in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. The samples were analyzed for dry mater, lignin in sulfuric acid (LAS), lignin in potassium permanganate (LPER), undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber (FDNi), the last one was done by rumen in situ incubation of the samples for 240 hours. The data were analyzed by the Pearsons linear correlation method, while, the comparative evaluation regarding the prediction efficiency among the nutritional models was done through the evaluation and partition of the mean square errors. Among the examined nutritional models, it shown that corrected NRC-2001 presented better results in the simulation, independent of using LAS or LPER. This suggest the fact that gravimetric estimates of lignin levels present in the feed don"t allow to predict potentially with accuracy the dimension of the fraction digestible or indigestible of th

Objetivou-se avaliar a indigestibilidade potencial da fibra detergente neutro de gramíneas tropicais predita por intermédio das equações adotadas pelos sistemas nutricionais CNCPS e o NRC-2001, este último com (NRCII) ou sem o fator de correção empírico proposto por Detmann et al. (2004). Foram utilizadas 540 amostras obtidas de pastagens através da simulação manual do pastejo e da extrusa esofágica, de feno e de gramíneas tropicais submetidas a diferentes níveis de adubação e períodos de corte, cultivadas no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As amostras foram submetidas à quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, de fibra detergente neutro, de lignina em ácido sulfúrico, de lignina em permanganato de potássio, de fibra detergente neutro indisponível, este último, realizado por intermédio de procedimentos de incubação in situ. O procedimento estatístico utilizado para a avaliação comparativa com relação à eficiência de predição foi a partição do quadrado médio dos erros de predição. Dentre os modelos nutricionais utilizados, os estudos mostraram que o NRC-2001 corrigido apresentou melhores resultados em simulação, quando se utilizou a lignina em ácido sulfúrico e também ao se utilizar a lignina em permanganato de potássio. Recomenda-se utilizar os métodos biológicos de avaliação de componentes indigestíveis para se obter resultados mais verossímeis.

Association between kinetics of ruminal degradation parameters and cell wall constituents of four tropical grasses / Associações entre parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal e os constituintes da parede celular de quatro gramíneas tropicais

The association of digestible and indigestible cell wall contents, the in vitro dry mater digestibility, the digestion rate, lag phase and the relative gas volume produced from neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible were evaluated in tropical grasses samples. The samples were from setaria grass, hemarthria grass, angola grass and acroceres grass fertilized with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kg of N/ha and in the cutting ages of 28, 42, 56 and 70 days. The results were submitted to a factor analysis. It was opted for the adoption of three factors comprising 73,81% % of the total variation, where the first factor was strongly associated with the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible, lag and with relative gas volume. The second factor was connected to the indigestible neutral detergent fiber and with digestion rate, and the third factor was related to lignin. The neutral potentially digestible detergent fiber showed positive correlation (0.5294) with in vitro dry matter digestibility (P

Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre constituintes digestíveis e indigestíveis da parede celular, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e a taxa de digestão, latência e volume relativo de gás produzido a partir da fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível de amostras obtidas de capins setária, hemarthria, angola e acroceres, adubados com 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400kg de N/ha e colhidos aos 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias de idade. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise de fatores. Optou-se pela adoção de três fatores, os quais englobaram 73,81% da variação total, em que o primeiro fator associou-se com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, com a fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível, com a latência e com o volume relativo de gás. Já o segundo fator associou-se com a fibra em detergente neutro indigestível e com a taxa de digestão, e o terceiro fator associou-se à lignina. A fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível apresentou correlação positiva (0,5294) com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (P

Proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido como estimador da fração protéica não degradável no rúmen de forragens tropicais / / Acid detergent insoluble protein as tropical forages rumen undegradable protein estimator

Objetivou-se avaliar as estimativas da fração proteica não degradável no rúmen, obtidas a partir dos compostos nitrogenados insolúveis em detergente ácido (NIDA). Foram utilizadas amostras de capim-elefante e capim-mombaça obtidas por simulação manual do pastejo e extrusa esofágica, gramíneas fenadas e gramíneas submetidas a diferentes doses de adubação e períodos de corte, totalizando-se 540 amostras. As amostras foram submetidas à quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina em permanganato (LPER), proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN) e proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA). A fração proteica não degradável no rúmen foi obtida por intermédio de incubação ruminal das amostras por 240 horas, seguida de tratamento em detergente neutro, e a quantificação do teor de nitrogênio no resíduo após incubação foi denominada proteína não degradável insolúvel em detergente neutro (PIIDN). A comparação entre valores preditos e observados foi realizada por equação de regressão linear simples de valores preditos (PIDA) sobre valores observados (PIIDN). Os resultados permitiram evidenciar não-equivalência e total falta de associação entre os valores preditos e observados da fração proteica não degradável. Sugere-se que a PIDA não seja adotada como estimador da fração proteica não degradável. (AU)

The undegradable rumen protein fraction estimated from neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) was studied. A total of 540 samples were used, obtained from manual grazing simulation and esophageal extrusa in elephant grass and mombaça grass, from hays and from tropical grasses submitted to different fertilizing levels and cutting ages. The samples were analyzed for dry mater, lignin in sulfuric acid (LAS), lignin permanganate (LPER), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP). The rúmen undegradable nitrogenous fraction was done by incubating the samples for 240 hours in the rumen, followed by the treatment with neutral detergent, and finally the nitrogen in the residue was quantified to get undegradable protein insoluble in neutral detergent (UPIND). The results allowed to evidence no-equivalence and total absence of association, between predicted and observed values of the undegradable protein fraction. It is suggested that ADIP may not be used as an estimator of undegraded protein fraction. This fraction should be estimated by biological methods like the protocol adopted to get the concentrations of UPIND. (AU)

Proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido como estimador da fração protéica não degradável no rúmen de forragens tropicais / / Acid detergent insoluble protein as tropical forages rumen undegradable protein estimator

Objetivou-se avaliar as estimativas da fração proteica não degradável no rúmen, obtidas a partir dos compostos nitrogenados insolúveis em detergente ácido (NIDA). Foram utilizadas amostras de capim-elefante e capim-mombaça obtidas por simulação manual do pastejo e extrusa esofágica, gramíneas fenadas e gramíneas submetidas a diferentes doses de adubação e períodos de corte, totalizando-se 540 amostras. As amostras foram submetidas à quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina em permanganato (LPER), proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN) e proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA). A fração proteica não degradável no rúmen foi obtida por intermédio de incubação ruminal das amostras por 240 horas, seguida de tratamento em detergente neutro, e a quantificação do teor de nitrogênio no resíduo após incubação foi denominada proteína não degradável insolúvel em detergente neutro (PIIDN). A comparação entre valores preditos e observados foi realizada por equação de regressão linear simples de valores preditos (PIDA) sobre valores observados (PIIDN). Os resultados permitiram evidenciar não-equivalência e total falta de associação entre os valores preditos e observados da fração proteica não degradável. Sugere-se que a PIDA não seja adotada como estimador da fração proteica não degradável.

The undegradable rumen protein fraction estimated from neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) was studied. A total of 540 samples were used, obtained from manual grazing simulation and esophageal extrusa in elephant grass and mombaça grass, from hays and from tropical grasses submitted to different fertilizing levels and cutting ages. The samples were analyzed for dry mater, lignin in sulfuric acid (LAS), lignin permanganate (LPER), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP). The rúmen undegradable nitrogenous fraction was done by incubating the samples for 240 hours in the rumen, followed by the treatment with neutral detergent, and finally the nitrogen in the residue was quantified to get undegradable protein insoluble in neutral detergent (UPIND). The results allowed to evidence no-equivalence and total absence of association, between predicted and observed values of the undegradable protein fraction. It is suggested that ADIP may not be used as an estimator of undegraded protein fraction. This fraction should be estimated by biological methods like the protocol adopted to get the concentrations of UPIND.

Association between kinetics of ruminal degradation parameters and cell wall constituents of four tropical grasses / Associações entre parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal e os constituintes da parede celular de quatro gramíneas tropicais

The association of digestible and indigestible cell wall contents, the in vitro dry mater digestibility, the digestion rate, lag phase and the relative gas volume produced from neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible were evaluated in tropical grasses samples. The samples were from setaria grass, hemarthria grass, angola grass and acroceres grass fertilized with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kg of N/ha and in the cutting ages of 28, 42, 56 and 70 days. The results were submitted to a factor analysis. It was opted for the adoption of three factors comprising 73,81% % of the total variation, where the first factor was strongly associated with the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible, lag and with relative gas volume. The second factor was connected to the indigestible neutral detergent fiber and with digestion rate, and the third factor was related to lignin. The neutral potentially digestible detergent fiber showed positive correlation (0.5294) with in vitro dry matter digestibility (P

Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre constituintes digestíveis e indigestíveis da parede celular, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e a taxa de digestão, latência e volume relativo de gás produzido a partir da fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível de amostras obtidas de capins setária, hemarthria, angola e acroceres, adubados com 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400kg de N/ha e colhidos aos 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias de idade. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise de fatores. Optou-se pela adoção de três fatores, os quais englobaram 73,81% da variação total, em que o primeiro fator associou-se com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, com a fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível, com a latência e com o volume relativo de gás. Já o segundo fator associou-se com a fibra em detergente neutro indigestível e com a taxa de digestão, e o terceiro fator associou-se à lignina. A fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível apresentou correlação positiva (0,5294) com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (P