Resultados oncológicos del tratamiento de rescate en pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe tratados con radioterapia / Oncological results of salvage treatment in patients with oropharynx carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

Objetivo Evaluar las posibilidades de rescate tras la recidiva local en pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe tratados con radioterapia y analizar los factores pronósticos relacionados con el control final de la enfermedad. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de 596 con carcinomas de orofaringe pacientes tratados con radioterapia durante el periodo 1991-2018. Resultados Ciento ochenta y un pacientes (30,4%) tuvieron una recidiva local. De los pacientes con una recidiva local, 51 (28,2%) fueron tratados con una cirugía de rescate. Las variables que se relacionaron con que el paciente no recibiese una cirugía de rescate fueron una edad superior a los 75 años, la localización del tumor en la pared posterior de la hipofaringe, una extensión inicial del tumor cT4 y un intervalo libre de recidiva inferior a los 6 meses. La supervivencia específica a los 5 años de los pacientes tratados con una cirugía de rescate fue del 19,1% (IC del 95%: 7,3-30,9%). Las variables que se relacionaron con la supervivencia específica fueron la extensión de la recidiva y el estatus de los márgenes de resección. No se consiguió el control final del tumor en ninguno de los pacientes con una recidiva extensa (rpT3-4, n=25) o con unos márgenes de resección positivos (n=22). Conclusión Los pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe tratados con radioterapia con una recidiva local del tumor cuentan con un pronóstico limitado. Una mayoría de los pacientes (71,8%) no fueron considerados candidatos a cirugía de rescate. La supervivencia específica a los 5 años de los pacientes tratados con una cirugía de rescate fue del 19,1%. (AU)

Objective To evaluate the possibilities of salvage after local recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy, and to analyze the prognostic factors related to the final control of the disease. Methods Retrospective study of 596 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy during the period 1991–2018. Results One hundred and eighty-one patients (30.4%) had a local recurrence. Of the patients with a local recurrence, 51 (28.2%) were treated with salvage surgery. Variables that were associated with the patient not receiving salvage surgery were age greater than 75 years, tumor location in the posterior hypopharyngeal wall, an initial tumor extent cT4, and a recurrence-free interval of less than 6 months. Five-year specific survival of patients treated with salvage surgery was 19.1% (95% CI: 7.3%–30.9%). Variables that were related to specific survival were extent of recurrence and status of resection margins. Final tumor control was not achieved in any of the patients with extensive recurrence (rpT3-4, n=25) or positive resection margins (n=22). Conclusion Patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy with local tumor recurrence have a limited prognosis. Most patients (71.8%) were not considered candidates for salvage surgery. The 5-year specific survival of patients treated with salvage surgery was 19.1%. (AU)

Oncological results of salvage treatment in patients with oropharynx carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibilities of salvage after local recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy, and to analyse the prognostic factors related to the final control of the disease. METHODS: Retrospective study of 596 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy during the period 1991-2018. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-one patients (30.4%) had a local recurrence. Of the patients with a local recurrence, 51 (28.2%) were treated with salvage surgery. Variables that were associated with the patient not receiving salvage surgery were age greater than 75 years, tumour location in the posterior hypopharyngeal wall, an initial tumour extent cT4, and a recurrence-free interval of less than 6 months. Five-year specific survival of patients treated with salvage surgery was 19.1% (95% CI: 7.3%-30.9%). Variables that were related to specific survival were extent of recurrence and status of resection margins. Final tumour control was not achieved in any of the patients with extensive recurrence (rpT3-4, n = 25) or positive resection margins (n = 22). CONCLUSION: Patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy with local tumour recurrence have a limited prognosis. Most patients (71.8%) were not considered candidates for salvage surgery. The 5-year specific survival of patients treated with salvage surgery was 19.1%.

Resultados de la radioterapia en los carcinomas de orofaringe / Results of radiotherapy in oropharyngeal carcinomas

Objetivo Presentar los resultados del tratamiento con radioterapia en pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de 359 pacientes tratados con radioterapia, incluyendo quimio- y bio-radioterapia, durante el periodo 2000-2019. Se dispuso de información del estatus del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) para 202 pacientes, de los que un 26,2% resultaron VPH-positivos. Resultados La supervivencia libre de recidiva local a los 5 años fue del 73,5% (IC 95%: 68,8-78,2%). Las variables que se relacionaron con el control local de la enfermedad en un estudio multivariante fueron la categoría de extensión local del tumor y el estatus VPH. La supervivencia libre de recidiva local a los 5 años para los pacientes con tumores cT1 fue del 90,0%, para los cT2 del 88,0%, para los cT3 del 70,6% y para los cT4 del 42,3%. La supervivencia libre de recidiva local a los 5 años para los tumores VPH-negativos fue del 67,2% y para los VPH-positivos del 93,3%. La supervivencia específica a los 5 años fue del 64,4% (IC 95%: 59,1-69,7%). Las variables que se relacionaron con la supervivencia específica en un estudio multivariante fueron el estado general del paciente, la extensión local y regional del tumor, y el estatus VPH. Conclusiones La supervivencia libre de recidiva local a los 5 años de los pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe tratados con radioterapia fue del 73,5%. Las variables que se relacionaron con el control local fueron la extensión local del tumor y el estatus VPH. (AU)

Objective To present the results of radiotherapy treatment in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas. Material and methodsRetrospective study of a cohort of 359 patients treated with radiotherapy, including chemo- and bio-radiotherapy, during the period 2000-2019. Information on human papillomavirus (HPV) status was available for 202 patients, of whom 26.2% were HPV-positive. Results Five-year local recurrence-free survival was 73.5% (95% CI: 68.8-78.2%). The variables that were related to local disease control in a multivariate study were the local tumor extension category and the HPV status. Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with cT1 tumors was 90.0%, for cT2 88.0%, for cT3 70.6%, and for cT4 42.3%. Five-year local recurrence-free survival for HPV-negative tumors was 67.2% and for HPV-positive tumors 93.3%. Five-year specific-disease survival was 64.4% (95% CI: 59.1-69.7%). Variables that were related to specific survival in a multivariate study were the patient's general condition, local and regional extent of the tumor, and HPV status. Conclusions Five-year local recurrence-free survival of patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy was 73.5%. Variables that were related to local control were local tumor extension and HPV status. (AU)

Results of radiotherapy in oropharyngeal carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: To present the results of radiotherapy treatment in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a cohort of 359 patients treated with radiotherapy, including chemo- and bio-radiotherapy, during the period 2000-2019. Information on human papillomavirus (HPV) status was available for 202 patients, of whom 26.2% were HPV-positive. RESULTS: Five-year local recurrence-free survival was 73.5% (95% CI: 68.8%-78.2%). The variables that were related to local disease control in a multivariate study were the local tumor extension category and the HPV status. Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with cT1 tumors was 90.0%, for cT2 88.0%, for cT3 70.6%, and for cT4 42.3%. Five-year local recurrence-free survival for HPV-negative tumors was 67.2% and for HPV-positive tumors 93.3%. Five-year specific-disease survival was 64.4% (95% CI: 59.1%-69.7%). Variables that were related to specific survival in a multivariate study were the patient's general condition, local and regional extent of the tumor, and HPV status. CONCLUSIONS: Five-year local recurrence-free survival of patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy was 73.5%. Variables that were related to local control were local tumor extension and HPV status.

External validation of the H-index (host index) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study is to perform an external validation of the prognostic capacity of the H-index in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: Retrospective study of 835 patients with HNSCC located in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. RESULTS: When applying the cutoffs proposed in the original description of the H-index (1.5 and 3.5), we observed an orderly and significant decrease in the disease-specific survival and overall survival as H-index increased. Additionally, we were able to observe a decrease in survival as the H-index increased regardless of the location, the extension of the tumor or the type of treatment performed. CONCLUSION: We have validated the prognostic capacity of the H-index in patients with HNSCC regardless of the location of the primary tumor, the extent of the disease, or the type of treatment performed.

Relationship between the transcriptional expression of PIM1 and local control in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas treated with radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIMs) are proto-oncogenes encoding serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate a variety of substrates involved in the regulation of cellular processes. Elevated expression of PIM-1 has been associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer. There are no studies that have analyzed the response to radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) according to the expression of PIM-1. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between the transcriptional expression of PIM-1 and local response to radiotherapy in HNSCC patients. METHODS: We determined the transcriptional expression of PIM-1 in 135 HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy, including patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (n = 65) and bioradiotherapy (n = 15). RESULTS: During the follow-up, 48 patients (35.6%) had a local recurrence of the tumor. Patients with local recurrence had a higher level of PIM-1 expression than those who achieved local control of the disease (P = 0.017). Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with a high expression of PIM-1 (n = 43) was 44.6% (95% CI 29.2-60.0%), and for patients with low expression (n = 92) it was 71.9% (95% CI 62.5-81.3%) (P = 0.007). According to the results of multivariate analysis, patients with a high PIM-1 expression had a 2.2-fold increased risk of local recurrence (95% CI 1.22-4.10, P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Patients with elevated transcriptional expression levels of PIM-1 had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence after radiotherapy.

Causes of long-term mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

PURPOSE: After treatment of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), patients with an adequate control of the tumor have a decreased overall survival when compared to age- and gender-matched controls in the general population. The aim of our study was to analyze the causes of long-term mortality in patients with HNSCC. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of 5122 patients with an index HNSCC treated at our center between 1985 and 2018. We analyzed the survival considering three causes of death: mortality associated with the HNSCC index tumor, mortality associated with a second or successive neoplasm, and mortality associated with a non-cancer cause. RESULTS: After the diagnosis of an HNSCC the most frequent cause of death is the head and neck tumor itself during the first 3.5 years of follow-up. Thereafter, mortality is more frequently associated with competing causes of death, such as second malignancies and non-cancer causes. Mortality associated with second and successive neoplasms was 2.3% per year, a percentage that was maintained constant throughout the follow-up. Likewise, mortality attributable to non-cancer causes was 1.6% per year, which also remained constant. There were differences in the mortality patterns according to the characteristics of the patients. CONCLUSION: There are differences in the mortality patterns of patients with HNSCC depending on their characteristics. Knowledge of these patterns can help in the design of guidelines to improve the follow-up protocols of this group of patients to optimize the clinical cost-effectiveness.