Exploratory study: breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes towards sexuality and breastfeeding, and disposition towards supporting breastfeeding in future Puerto Rican male parents

Identify the breastfeeding knowledge, the attitudes towards sexuality and breastfeeding and the disposition towards supporting breastfeeding in future fathers were the aims of this study. A non-probabilistic sample (n = 100) of future Puerto Rican male parents was used in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used consisting of four sections. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and t-test to the inferential analysis. 88.8of the participants presented a low level of knowledge. However, 81.6had a positive attitude toward sexuality and breastfeeding. Also, 92.0of the participants indicated much/enough willingness to support their partners in exclusively breastfeeding. Disposition to support the breastfeeding was associated with knowledge towards breastfeeding (p = 0.04) and attitudes toward sexuality and breastfeeding (p = 0.00). The knowledge and the attitudes, in this study, are strongly related with the disposition of the father to supporting the breastfeeding in the future.

Factores asociados al uso del cigarrillo en estudiantes del Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico / Factors associated with the use of tobacco among students of the Medical Sciences School, University of Puerto Rico

The objective of this study is to evaluate associated factors related to cigarette smoking in students of the Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico. One hundred eighty-nine students, registered in the summer session, participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information. For the data analysis descriptive statistics were used, as well as Pearson Chi Square and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that 12.2 per cent of the participants are smokers at the moment of the study. Most of the smokers stated that the main reason they smoke was for stress reduction and psychological addiction. A statistical association was encountered between the cigarette use and exposure of information (X2Fisher (1) = 4.65, p = 0.02). We conclude that the participants smoke as an adaptative response to the daily stressors that impact the academic setting.

El discurso médico y la invención del homosexual (España 1840-1915)

En este trabajo se examina la recepción de la psicopatología de las perversiones y más específicamente del discurso psiquiátrico sobre la homosexualidad en la España de principios de siglo. Con este objetivo, se analizan los obstáculos y las transformaciones conceptuales, así como las condiciones culturales que hicieron posible la difusión social de estas innovaciones teóricas más allá de los límites de la propia disciplina mental (AU)

[Evaluation of extrinsic sleep disorders in a population in Valladolid]. / Evaluación de las perturbaciones extrínsecas del sueño en la población de Valladolid.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of external sleep disturbances and their influence in sleep quality. DESIGN: Transversal descriptive study based on personal self-applied interview and the application of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in 1053 persons selected among the over 18 year old population of the city of Valladolid between September 1997 and August 1998 in relation to different sociodemographics variables, life habits and psychiatric pathologies (anxiety and depression evaluated by Golberg Scale). RESULTS: Worsening of life quality and sleep efficiency was significantly associated to external disturbances such as coughing, going to the bathroom and nocturnal awakening and, less significantly, to pain sensation, having nightmares, dysthermic sensations and difficulty to breathing. Sleep external disturbances did not affect daytime activity but was associated to an increased hypnotic drug taking. INTERPRETATION: Sleep external disturbances are one of the most relevant and unknown variables associated to a decrease in sleep quality and, consequently, in life quality.

[The quality of sleep associated with polypharmacy]. / La calidad del sueño asociada a la polimedicación.

OBJECTIVE: Study of the association between multiple medication and the quality of sleep. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study through two-stage sampling of 1053 people with a questionnaire and application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Interview (PSQI). SETTING: Primary care. Population covered by health centres in the province of Valladolid. POPULATION: Adults over 18 who attended health centres in Valladolid province. RESULTS: As consumption of multiple drugs rose, there was significant deterioration in the overall quality of sleep and each of the following components: subjective quality, latency of sleep, duration of sleep, extrinsic disturbances and consumption of sleeping draughts. No differences were found for day-time repercussions. When psychiatric drug consumption was excluded from the study (to avoid the risk of bias in psychiatric illnesses), deterioration in the quality of sleep, on adding up the remaining therapeutic groups of drugs, was still found. CONCLUSIONS: The fact of consuming multiple drugs chronically may condition a deterioration in sleep quality, which will stimulate us to combat this symptom with more drugs and so further aggravate the problem. New prospective studies need to be undertaken to find out the reasons.

[Evaluation of infiltration as a routine therapeutic technique in a health center]. / Evaluación de las infiltraciones como técnica terapéutica habitual en un centro de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of filtration into the joints and soft tissue in the daily work of a Primary Care clinic. DESIGN: Observational and descriptive study. SETTING: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: Patients between 18 and 75, with pathologies that can be filtrated and who had not previously received treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 148 filtrations were analysed, with pain and mobility before and after filtration being evaluated. 85.1% of the patients had intense or moderate pain before filtration, dropping to 5.4% a month afterwards (p < 0.05). 55.4% had limited mobility before filtration and 6.1% a month afterwards (p < 0.05). Complications from the technique were observed in 4 cases, but all were of a light character. CONCLUSIONS: The technique is effective and easy to apply in Primary Care, with scarce and light side-effects.