A Retrospective Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Samples Collected from 2008 to 2021 in Mexico.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a nonenveloped virus of the Circoviridae family. This virus has been identified in pigs of different ages and pigs with several clinical manifestations of the disease or even in apparently healthy pigs. While PCV3 was first reported in 2015, several retrospective studies have reported the virus before that year. The earliest report indicates that PCV3 has been circulated in swine farms since 1996. In this study, we evaluated the presence of PCV3 in samples collected in Mexico in 2008, 2015, 2020, and 2021. This study assessed PCV3 DNA by qPCR and antibodies against CAP protein by indirect ELISA. The results showed that PCV3 (DNA and anti-CAP antibodies) was detected in the samples collected from 2008 to 2021. The highest prevalence was in 2008 (100%), and the lowest was in 2015 (negative). Genetic analysis of ORF2 showed that the virus identified belonged to genotype a, as most of the viruses identified thus far. PCV3 was detected in samples from piglets with respiratory signs and growth retardation, sows with reproductive failure, or asymptomatic piglets and sows. Pigs with respiratory signs, growth retardation, or reproductive failure had a higher prevalence of antibodies and qPCR-positive samples. In conclusion, this study showed that PCV3 has been circulating in Mexico since 2008 and that PCV3 DNA and antibodies were more prevalent in samples from pigs with clinical manifestations of diseases.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexican Health Care Workers after Two Years of the Pandemic: The Picture of an Ophthalmic Medical Centre.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) at an ophthalmic medical center. METHODS: IgG antibodies against the N, S1, and S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as well as their serum neutralizing activity were determined. RESULTS: In the present study, we observed that 98.4% of HCW were seropositive for S1/S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2 due to the national vaccination program. Interestingly, 78.4% of the participants had anti-N protein antibodies, suggesting previous COVID-19 infection. We also evaluated the neutralizing antibodies and found that the mean value was high (90.7%). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that our HCWs cohort presented a robust hybrid humoral response owing to the massive national vaccination program and natural infections.

Mapping from spatial meaning: bridging Hñahñu (Otomi) ecological knowledge and geo-information tools.

BACKGROUND: Hñahñu (Otomi) farmers organize their experiences and ecological learning into a farmland system designed to grow food in areas of scarce water and low soil fertility. The purpose of this paper is to examine Hñahñu concepts and categories pertaining to the farming landscape and the ecological foundations underlying the system, its management implications, and categorial organization in Huitexcalco de Morelos, Mezquital Valley, Mexico. METHODS: Native terms and their links to landscape were recorded and discussed in various workshops. Open interviews and field trips with local experts were used to explain soil and water management practices that allow Hñahñu farmers to maintain sustained yields throughout the year. We then used participatory mapping in order to explore the semantic relations of the terms with the space and its validity in the productive landscape. RESULTS: We elicited 7 Hñahñu language terms related to landforms, 4 related to land use categories, and 17 related to their constituent components organized in two hierarchical levels. We found that mothe as a term of land usage was followed by mothee, ñut'athee, gadñhe, or muiñhe; these primarily refer to the topographic position of the parcel and the form of access to water for irrigation. Stone barriers and earth channels represent the functional structures that are most commonly used by Hñahñu farmers to retain soil and water. In the participatory mapping results, mothe muiñhe displayed a robust spatial link with the gullies. Identifying other landscape categories required a substantial understanding both of management practices of soil and water and forms of organization. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a complex system of knowledge that contributes to the continued proper management of the local landscape. The terms and their elicited meanings are key to understand the ways in which Hñahñu farmers conceptualize and relate the reality of their landscape and its cultural meanings. Scale and perception were found to have a determining role in defining their taxonomic organization, semantic structure, and relations in space.

"¿Mi novio sería capaz de matarme?" Violencia en el noviazgo entre adolescentes de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, México / "¿Meu namorado seria capaz de me matar?" Violência no noivado entre adolescentes da Universidade Autônoma Chapingo, México / "Would my boyfriend be capable of killing me?" Violence in sweetheart relationships among adolescents in the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, México

En este artículo analizamos la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (Uach), una institución mexicana dedicada a formar recursos humanos en ciencias agronómicas. La Uach posee tres características: atrae estudiantes de medios desfavorecidos de todo el país; recibe más hombres que mujeres debido a la construcción de la Agronomía como una ocupación masculina; y, funciona como una institución total en el sentido de que sus estudiantes dejan la casa paterna a la edad de 14 ó 15 años para vivir en o cerca de la universidad. El material de análisis está conformado por ocho testimonios anónimos escritos porestudiantes o ex-estudiantes de la universidad, a raíz de una convocatoriaabierta. Examinamos los tres tipos de violencia que describen las chicas (psicológica, física y sexual) y la explicación que dan de ella después de haberla vivido. El artículo constituye uno de los primeros trabajos en el país en analizar la violencia en el noviazgo y en el ámbito universitario. Demostramos que el material testimonial puede ser estudiado en profundidad y con rigor si se aplica un método sistemático de análisis anclado en la teoría social y de género. Es necesario hacer estudios similares en otras universidades del país y conocer el fenómeno de la violencia de género desde la vivencia masculina.

Neste artigo nós analisamos a violência nas relações dos namorados na Universidade Autônoma Chapingo (UACH), uma instituição mexicana dedicada a formar recursos humanos em ciências agronômicas. A UACH possui três características: atrai estudantes dos meios mais desfavorecidos do país, recebe mais homens do que mulheres devido à construção da Agronomia como uma ocupação masculina, e funciona como uma instituição total no sentido que seus estudantes deixam a casa paterna quando eles têm 14 ou 15 anos de idade para viver cerca ou na universidade. O material da análise está conformado por oito testemunhos anônimos escritos pelos estudantes ou ex-estudantes da universidade, segundo um apelo aberto. Nós examinamos os três tipos de violência descritos pelas estudantes (psicológica, física e sexual) e examinamos também a explicação que elas procuram depois de vivê-las. Nós demonstramos que o material de testemunho pode ser estudado profundamente e com rigor quando se aplica um método sistemático de análise ancorado na teoria social e de gênero. Precisa-se de fazer estudos em outras universidades do país e conhecer o fenômeno da violência do gênero desde a perspectiva masculina.

In this paper we analyze violence in romantic relationships at the Universidad Auntónoma Chapingo (Uach), a Mexican institution that educates human resources in agronomy. Uach has three characteristics: it attracts students from less favored groups all over the country; it receives more men than women, due to the social perception of agronomy as a male field; and it functions as a total institution in the sense that students leave home around 14 or 15 years of age and live in or near the institution. The material under study in this article is constituted by eight anonymous writings by students or former students in response to a public request. We analyze the three types of violence described by the girls (psychological, physical and sexual), and the explanations they offer after they experience it. This paper is one of the first in the country to analyze violence in affective relationships and in the college context. We show that witness accounts can be studied in depth and rigorously by using a systematic method of analysis developed from social and gender theory. It is necessary to pursue similar studies in other Mexican colleges and to explore the phenomenon of gender violence from the male point of view.