Pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in dogs and cats.

Pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in dogs and cats after single intravenous (15 mg/kg) and oral doses (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) were studied in a randomized crossover study. Tinidazole was completely absorbed at both oral dose levels in cats and dogs. Peak tinidazole concentration in plasma was 17.8 micrograms/ml in dogs and 22.5 micrograms/ml in cats after 15 mg/kg p.o. The oral dose of 30 mg/kg resulted in peak levels of 37.9 micrograms/ml in dogs and 33.6 micrograms/ml in cats. The apparent total plasma clearance of the drug was about twofold higher in dogs than in cats, resulting in an elimination half-life that was twice as long in cats (8.4 h) as in dogs (4.4 h). The apparent volume of distribution was 663 ml/kg in dogs and 536 ml/kg in cats. Therapeutic plasma drug concentrations higher than the MIC values of most tinidazole-sensitive bacteria were achieved for 24 h in cats and for 12 h in dogs after a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg. From the pharmacokinetic standpoint tinidazole seems to be well-suited to clinical use in small animal practice.

The single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of a vadocaine tablet in healthy human volunteers.

Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methyl-piperidyl)-propionanilide hydrochloride; INN vadocaine) is a novel compound with antitussive and local anesthetic actions. In this study, the single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of vadocaine hydrochloride tablet were evaluated in 28 healthy volunteers. In part 1, the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of vadocaine hydrochloride tablet were compared with the pharmacokinetics of a vadocaine hydrochloride solution. The peak concentrations of vadocaine were achieved at 1 h both after the tablet and the solution and there were no statistically significant differences in serum concentrations or in pharmacokinetic parameters. In part 2, the steady-state pharmacokinetics of vadocaine tablet were studied using the dosage of 30 mg vadocaine hydrochloride t.i.d. for four days. The peak concentrations of vadocaine were achieved on the 1st day at 1 h (61.5 +/- 6.1 ng/ml) and on the 4th day at 1.5 h (64.5 +/- 7.9 ng/ml). According to the serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters, no cumulation of vadocaine was observed. Also no side-effects were reported during the study. In conclusion, vadocaine used in the tablet form is suitable for multiple dosing and the pharmacokinetic profile is almost similar to vadocaine administered in aqueous solution.