RESUMO
In many occupational settings, workers are frequently exposed to toluene and noise. However, the individual and combined effects of these exposures on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise on the rat heart, while also evaluating the potential preventive effect of olive leaf extract (OLE). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6/group): control group (C), control group that received OLE (C + OLE), group exposed to noise (N), group exposed to noise and receiving OLE (N + OLE), group exposed to toluene (T), group exposed to toluene and receiving OLE (T + OLE), group co-exposed to noise and toluene (NT), and group co-exposed to noise and toluene and receiving OLE (NT + OLE). The rats in this study were subjected to simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise for a duration of six weeks, within a custom-built plexiglass chamber. Toluene was administered at a concentration of 300 ppm, while the noise level was set to 85 dB(A). The exposure chamber was equipped with a generation system, an exposure system, and a monitoring system, ensuring precise and accurate exposure conditions. After the six-week period, heart and blood samples were collected from the rats for subsequent analysis. Plasma levels of cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured, and histopathological investigation was conducted using HE staining. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in heart tissue were measured. Our results showed that simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene altered CHOL, TG, LDH, and CK levels, and also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity, along with a decrease in catalase activity in the heart. A significant alteration in the myocardium was also observed. However, treatment with OLE was found to modulate these oxidative and histological changes, ultimately correcting the deleterious effects induced by the combined exposure to noise and toluene. Therefore, our study suggests that OLE could be a potential preventive measure for individuals exposed to toluene and noise in industrial settings.
RESUMO
The current study was aimed to evaluate the protective and curative effect of aqueous extract of edible desert truffle specie (Terfezia boudieri) against rat's liver and kidney injuries induced by paracetamol (PCM). Terfezia boudieri was genetically identified by PCR and then sequencing (Genbank NCBI: LT718236.1). Terfezia boudieri aqueous extract (TBAE) was characterized by antioxidant capacity evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl test (EC50 = 0.415 mg/ml). LC-MS analysis shows that TBAE contains several actives biomolecules such as B3 vitamin (2.73 ± 0.3 mg/100g dm), quinic acid (2 ± 0.22 mg/100g dm), chlorogenic acid (0.18 ± 0.02 mg/100g dm) and quercetin-3-o-rhamonoside (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/100g dm). Liver and kidney Biochemical parameters showed no significant variation in rat's plasma treated with PCM and/or TBAE. However, the histological studies showed that the liver injuries induced by PCM were characterized by hemorrhage and inflammation. The pretreatment by TBAE showed preservation of normal liver and kidney architecture, this finding suggests its protective effects on these two organs. The co-treatment by TBAE reduced the PCM hepatotoxicity proved by normal central vein and small vacuols. In addition, TBAE reduced kidney PCM toxicity proved by less area inflammation and normal glomerulus. Therefore, TBAE is promoting eventual protective and curative drug against acute toxicity.
