Sistematización de una sistematización: aprendizajes sobre el método / Systematization of a systematization: learning about the method / Sistematização de uma sistematização: aprendizagem sobre o método

Resumen Objetivo: presentar los aprendizajes de una sistematización como método, para la construcción de conocimiento basado en la experiencia vivida por los propios investigadores de varios proyectos sobre la educación en crianza, en el campo de la salud pública, llevado a cabo en la vereda Granizal, Antioquia, durante el período 2013-2019. Materiales y método: se empleó la sistematización de experiencias y los participantes fueron los mismos investigadores. Se inició con la organización de los materiales, los diarios de campo de los círculos de investigación temática y relatorías de las reuniones del equipo de investigación y de los actores comunitarios. Se siguió con la elaboración de una matriz con la recuperación histórica. Y, finalmente, de las reflexiones grupales, surgieron categorías y relaciones para la construcción teórica de visión de conjunto. Resultados: se presenta la propuesta teórica de la sistematización y los procedimientos para implementarla, orientada por cinco momentos: vivir la experiencia, formular un plan de sistematización, recuperar el proceso vivido, las reflexiones de fondo y los puntos de llegada. Se destacan cuatro rasgos de la sistematización: una investigación creativa; basada en un proceso de construcción colectiva; para aprender de la práctica y construir conocimiento; y como escenario transformador de esta y de quienes la realizaron. Conclusión: la "sistematización de la sistematización" permitió hacer conciencia sobre la propia praxis investigativa. Muestra la comprensión del grupo acerca de la conceptualización y metodología de esta perspectiva investigativa. Trasciende la recopilación y organización de la información del proceso vivido en la medida en que la reconstrucción de la experiencia es una comprensión más amplia que transforma la práctica de los sujetos involucrados.

Abstract Objective: to present the learning of a systematization as a method, for the construction of knowledge based on the experience lived by the researchers of several projects on parenting education in the field of public health carried out in the rural settlement of Granizal, Antioquia, during the period 2013-2019. Materials and method: the systematization of experiences was used and the participants were the researchers. It began with the organization of the materials, the field diaries of the thematic research circles and reports of the meetings of the research team and community actors. It was continued with the elaboration of a matrix with the historical recovery. And, finally, reflections, categories and relationships emerged from the group for the theoretical construction of the overall vision. Results: the theoretical proposal of the systematization and the procedures to implement it are presented, guided by five moments: living the experience, formulating a systematization plan, recovering the lived process, the background reflections and the arrival points. Four features of systematization stand out: creative research; research based on a process of collective construction; learning from practice and building knowledge; and as a transforming scenario of this research and of those who carried it out. Conclusion: the "systematization of the systematization" allowed raising awareness of the research praxis itself. It shows the understanding of the group on conceptualization and methodology of this research perspective. It transcends the collection and organization of the information of the process lived to the extent that the reconstruction of the experience is a broader understanding that transforms the practice of the subjects involved.

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar as aprendizagens de uma sistematização como método, para a construção de conhecimento baseado na experiência vivida pelos próprios pesquisadores de vários projetos sobre a educação em criação, no campo da saúde pública, levado a cabo no povoado Granizal, Antioquia, durante o período 2013-2019. Materiais e método: utilizou-se a sistematização de experiências os participantes foram os mesmos pesquisadores. Iniciou-se com a organização dos materiais, os diários de campo dos círculos de pesquisa temática e relatorias das reuniões da equipe de pesquisa e dos atores comunitários. Conseguiu-se com a elaboração de uma matriz com a recuperação histórica. E, finalmente, das reflexões grupais, surgiram categorias e relações para a construção teórica de visão de conjunto. Resultados: apresenta-se a proposta teórica da sistematização e os procedimentos para implementá-la, orientada por cinco momentos: viver a experiência, formular um plano de sistematização, recuperar os processos vividos, as reflexões de fundo e os pontos de chegada. Destacam-se quatro rasgos da sistematização: uma pesquisa criativa; baseada em um processo de construção coletiva; para aprender da prática e construir conhecimento; e como cenário transformador desta e de quem a realizaram. Conclusão: a "sistematização da sistematização" permitiu fazer consciência sobre a própria práxis pesquisaria. Amostra a compreensão do grupo acerca da conceptualização e metodologia desta perspectiva pesquisaria. Trascende a recopilação e organização da informação do processo vivido na medida em que a reconstrução da experiência é uma compreensão mais ampla que transforma a prática dos sujeitos envolvidos.

Una reflexión multimodal sobre los contenidos educativos construidos en imagen y video en el marco de una propuesta educativa para la salud / A Multimodal Reflection on the Educational Contents Constructed in Image and Video within the Framework of an Educational Proposal for Health

Resumen Cuando los procesos de construcción de contenidos digitales se producen con escaza participación de la comunidad, las decisiones sobre el significado pasan por la interpretación de técnicos y profesionales expertos que tienen otra lectura del mundo y en algunos casos se termina en procesos de exclusión desde el mismo significado que se presenta. Debido a la toma de decisiones que surge entre una temática y el modo que se elige, se presenta como reto una participación amplia de las comunidades para crear contenidos formativos en el marco de la Educativos para la Salud (EpS).

Abstract: When the processes of construction of digital contents are produced with little participation of community, decisions about the meaning go through the interpretation of technical and professional experts, who have another reading of the world and, in some cases, end up in processes of exclusion from the same meaning that is presented. Due to the decision making that arises between a theme and the way it is chosen, a broad participation of communities to create formative contents within the framework of Education for Health (EpS) is presented as a challenge.

Classrooms in Peace Within Violent Contexts: Field Evaluation of Aulas en Paz in Colombia.

Classrooms in Peace (Aulas en Paz) is an elementary school-based multicomponent program for prevention of aggression and promotion of peaceful relationships. Inspired by international programs and socio-emotional research, it includes (1) a classroom universal curriculum, (2) parent workshops and home visits to parents of the 10% most aggressive children, and (3) extracurricular peer groups of two aggressive and four prosocial children. Activities seek to promote socio-emotional competencies such as empathy, anger management, creative generation of alternatives, and assertiveness. A 2-year quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted with 1154 students from 55 classrooms of seven public schools located in neighborhoods with the presence of youth gangs, drug cartels, and high levels of community violence in two Colombian cities. Despite several implementation (e.g., about half of the activities were not implemented) and evaluation (e.g., randomization problems, large number of missing data, and changes between treatment and control groups) challenges, positive results were found in prosocial behavior and in reduction of aggressive behavior, according to teacher reports, and in assertiveness and reduction of verbal victimization, according to student reports. Furthermore, implementation cost (25 US dollars per student per year) was very low compared to other programs in developed countries. This study shows that the Classrooms in Peace program has an important potential to generate positive results and highlights the challenges of implementing and evaluating prevention programs in highly violent environments.

Regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in children.

BACKGROUND: Anticoagulation of the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) circuit is an important technical aspect of this medical procedure. Most studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of citrate use have been carried out in adults, and little evidence is available for the pediatric patient population. The aim of this study was to compare regional citrate anticoagulation versus systemic heparin anticoagulation in terms of the lifetime of hemofilters in a pediatric population receiving CRRT at a pediatric center in Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: This was an analytical, observational, retrospective cohort study in which we assessed the survival of 150 hemofilters (citrate group 80 hemofilters, heparin group 70 hemofilters) used in a total of 3442 hours of CCRT (citrate group 2248 h, heparin group 1194 h). Hemofilter survival was estimated beginning at placement and continuing until filter replacement due to clotting or high trans-membrane pressures. RESULTS: Hemofilter survival was higher in the citrate group than in the heparin group (72 vs. 18 h; p <0.0001). Bivariate analysis showed that the hemofilter coagulation risk was significantly increased when heparin was used, regardless of hemofilter size and pump flow (hazard ratio 3.70, standard error 0.82, 95% confidence interval 2.39-5.72; p <0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Regional citrate anticoagulation could be more effective than heparin systemic anticoagulation in terms of prolonging the hemofilter lifetime in patients with acute renal injury who require CRRT.

Effects of the cyberbullying prevention program media heroes (Medienhelden) on traditional bullying.

There is considerable debate over whether cyberbullying is just another form of bullying, or whether it is a problem distinct enough to require specific intervention. One way to explore this issue is to analyze whether programs designed to prevent traditional bullying help prevent cyberbullying, and whether programs designed to prevent cyberbullying prevent traditional bullying. The main goal of the current study was to analyze the spillover effects of the cyberbullying prevention program Media Heroes (Medienhelden) on traditional bullying. Media Heroes promotes empathy, knowledge of risks and consequences, and strategies that allow bystanders to defend victims from cyberbullying. Mixed ANOVAs were conducted comparing pretest and post-test (6 months after intervention) measures of 722 students (ages 11-17) assigned to a long (15 sessions) intervention, a short (1 day) intervention, and a control group. In addition to confirming the previously reported effects on cyberbullying, Media Heroes was found to reduce traditional bullying. Effects were larger for the long-version of the program than for the short 1-day version. No effects were found on victimization by either cyberbullying or traditional bullying. Strategies to complement traditional and cyberbullying prevention efforts are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 42:157-165, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Pediatric gastrointestinal disorders at hight altitude. Report of two cases and review of literature.] / Trastornos gastrointestinales en pediatría asociados con la altura. Reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura.

Upon ascending above 2500 meters sea level, the human body undergoes a series of physiological changes that have been studied during years. These changes undertake various systems including gastrointestinal tract, with diverse clinical manifestations, most mild and therefore little reported and are underdiagnosed. Two pediatric patients who atended to the Pediatric Unit of Gastroenterolog, Hepatolog and Nutrition (Gastronutriped) in Bogota, in whose we documented symptoms affecting gastrointestinal tract associated with high altitude.Regarding to these cases, a review of the available literature focusing on physiolog, clinical manifestations and feasible treatment was made. The final aim of this article is to sensitize to health care professionals working in cities located at high altitudes, to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in children from places with lower altitude.

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama en una paciente menor de 30 años / Breast metaplasic carcinoma in patient less than 30 yeard old

Los carcinomas metaplásicos de mama son un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias malignas poco frecuentes poco diferenciadas; que representan menos del 1% de todos los tumores de mama invasivos, en los que un segmento de células epiteliales ha sufrido metaplasia, son bifásicos, capaces de adoptar un fenotipo variable, con receptores de estrógeno, progesterona, Her2 negativos. Los carcinomas metaplásicos de mama son más frecuentes en mujeres mayores de 55 años. Su pronóstico es peor que los carcinomas convencionales se relaciona con el tamaño tumoral, tipo histológico, y grado de componente mesenquimático. El tratamiento inicial es quirúrgicoy se considera imprescindible el empleo de técnicas de inmunohistoquímica para diagnosticarlos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente joven de 28 años de edad a quiense le realizó en clínica particular, una mastectomía parcial que reportó carcinoma metaplásico, acudiendo a nuestro servicio, donde se le realiza mastectomía radical modificada tipo Madden preservadora de piel.

Metaplastic breast carcinomas are heterogeneous group of malignancies poorly differentiated and rare, representing less than 1% of all invasive breast tumors, in which a segment has undergone metaplasia epithelial cells are biphasic which can take a variable phenotype, with negative estrogen and progestagen receptors Her2 negative. Metaplastic breast carcinomas are more common in women over 55 years, however, most reports ascribed different characteristics to those of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, found larger tumors, high grade, lymphatic glandular less affected with hormone receptor negative. The prognosis is worse than conventional carcinomas is related to tumor size, histological type, type degree of mesenchymal component.The treatment is surgical is considered essential to the use of immunohistochemistry for diagnosis. We report the case of 28 year woman who was held in private clinic, a partial mastectomy reported metaplastic carcinoma, going to our service, which performs modified radical mastectomy Madden type of skin sparing.

The Moderating Effects of Social Problem-Solving in the Relationship between Risk Factors and Peer Victimization in Colombian Early Adolescents / Efectos Moderadores de la Habilidad de Solución de Problemas Sociales en la Relación entre Factores de Riesgo y Victimización en Adolescentes Colombianos / Efeitos Moderadores da Habilidade de Solução de Problemas Sociais na Relação entre Fatores de Risco e Vitimização em Adolescentes Colombianos

This study assessed the moderating effect of social problem-solving (SPS) in the association between risk factors and peer victimization in a sample of Colombian adolescents. Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study assessed the extent to which changes in victimization varied as a function of the interaction between risk factors and social problem-solving. Results showed that both aggression and avoidance were predictive of initial scores on victimization, but only avoidance was found to predict its change over time. Only a main effect of SPS was found at the beginning of the year; no moderating effects were found. Results are consistent with previous findings by confirming that avoidance and aggression are risk factors for peer victimization.

Este estudio examinó el rol moderador de la habilidad para resolver problemas sociales (SPS) en la asociación entre factores de riesgo y la victimización, en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Mediante el uso de técnicas de ecuaciones estructurales se evaluó qué tanto cambió la victimización a lo largo del tiempo, en función de la interacción entre factores de riesgo y la SPS. Los resultados mostraron que la agresión y la evitación son factores de riesgo y predicen puntajes iniciales en la victimización. Sin embargo, únicamente la evitación predijo los cambios de dicha variable en el tiempo. Adicionalmente, se encontró un efecto de la SPS en la victimización al inicio del año escolar, pero no se encontraron efectos moderadores. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos en los que se observa que la evitación y la agresión son factores de riesgo en la victimización.

Este estudo examinou o papel moderador da habilidade para resolver problemas sociais (SPS) na associação entre fatores de risco e a vitimização, em uma amostra de adolescentes colombianos. Mediante o uso de técnicas de equações estruturais, avaliou-se quanto a vitimização ao longo do tempo mudou, em função da interação entre fatores de risco e a SPS. Os resultados mostraram que a agressão e a evitação são fatores de risco e predizem pontuações iniciais na vitimização. Contudo, unicamente a evitação prediz as mudanças de dita variável no tempo. Adicionalmente, constatou-se um efeito da SPS na vitimização ao início do ano escolar, mas não se encontraram efeitos moderadores. Os resultados são consistentes com estudos prévios nos quais se observa que a evitação e a agressão são fatores de risco na vitimização.

Evaluación del estado de salud oral para la aplicación del programa El Escolar Bucodentalmente Sano, en la escuela vereda el Naranjal en Villeta Cundinamarca / Evaluation of the oral health prior to the application of the buccal-dental health student program, in the school

El director de la escuela El Naranjal, de Villeta Cundinamarca solicitó a la Facultad de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana la realización de un programa de prevención en salud oral, con evaluación de factores de riesgo y condiciones orales de los niños, a través de la valoración clínica.

Aspectos psicosociales de pacientes psiquiátricos crónicos para un programa de rehabilitación psicosocial / Importance of psychosocial characteristics in rehabilitation of chronic psychiatric patients

Las variables más importantes que inciden en la recaída del paciente psiquiátrico crónico son: su frecuente hospitalización, la falta de adherencia terapéutica y la suspensión del tratamiento. Dentro de los aspectos psicosociales relacionados con este problema se encontraron pacientes esquizofrénicos, con bajas escolaridad, desocupados, solteros en promedio en edad adulta joven, con ocho años de evolución. Las familias son nucleares, desintegradas y extensas con padres de bajo nivel de escolaridad, ocupacional y económica, el cual no corresponde; sin embargo, a los pacientes de más bajos recursos atendidos institucionalmente. Hay marcada falta de educación médica e ignorancia acerca de la enfermedad del paciente

Estudio evaluativo de las neumopatías supuradas en el servicio de pediatría del Hospital General Base Goyeneche 1974-1983 / Evaluative study in suppurated lung disease in the child health service of the Base General Hospital Goyeneche (1974-1983)

Se presentaron los datos correspondientes a 109 casos de Neumopatías Supuradas, recogidos en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital General Base Goyeneche, entre el 01 de junio de 1974 y 01 de junio de 1983. De 114 historias clínicas revisados minuciosamente se relacionaron 109 que reunían los criterios 2 mayores y como mínimo 1 criterio mayor y otro menor de Highman y Camphell. De estos fueron aceptados 86 historias con un criterio mayor y otro menor; 22 historias tuvieron 2 criterios mayores y una presentó 3 criterios mayores. Se valoran los síntomas, signos, hallazgos de laboratorio, bacteriológico y datos radiológicos referentes al momento del ingreso y evolución posterior, así como algunos datos anatomopatológicos. Finalmente, se analizó el tratamiento administrativo, la respuesta conseguida y las complicaciones más frecuentes y se compararon los resultados obtenidos con otros similares mostrados en la literatura