Study of the Use of Antinematode Drugs, Mebendazole and Pyrantel, in Galicia (Spain) from 2016 to 2020.

To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the use of drugs focused on the consumption of antinematode drugs in any region of the world. In the present study, we analyzed and evaluated the use of mebendazole and pyrantel in the provinces of Galicia (Spain), as well as described the variability of the consumption of both drugs between these provinces from 2016 to 2020. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of the consumption of these drugs, expressed in defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD), was carried out. The DHD values for both drugs were small, although clearly higher, both on average and in variability, in the case of mebendazole. The difference in the mean DHD between both drugs and the geographical differences observed was statistically significant. The seasonal differences were statistically significant for both active principles, with lower values in summer. The active principle most consumed in all the provinces and years was mebendazole. The main consequence of the excessive use of this drug compared to pyrantel may be the increased risk of the development of resistance and of therapeutic failure, as well as the consequent limitation of pharmacological options in the future.

Migración de aceite de silicona a través del nervio óptico tras una vitrectomía por desprendimiento de retina / Silicone oil migration along the optic nerve after intraocular tamponade

CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos un caso de migración de aceite de silicona a través del nervio óptico, en un paciente diabético con desprendimiento de retina, y revisamos los posibles mecanismos etiológicos y sus implicaciones clínicas. DISCUSIÓN: La migración intracraneal del aceite de silicona es una complicación poco frecuente asociada al uso de este material como método sustitutivo tras la vitrectomía

CLINICAL CASE: We present a case of silicone oil migration trough the optic nerve in a diabetic patient with retinal detachment and review the etiologic mechanism and clinical implications. DISCUSSION: Intracranial silicone oil migration is an uncommon complication associated with silicone oil tamponade

Silicone oil migration along the optic nerve after intraocular tamponade. / Migración de aceite de silicona a través del nervio óptico tras una vitrectomía por desprendimiento de retina.

CLINICAL CASE: We present a case of silicone oil migration trough the optic nerve in a diabetic patient with retinal detachment and review the etiologic mechanism and clinical implications. DISCUSSION: Intracranial silicone oil migration is an uncommon complication associated with silicone oil tamponade.

Temporal trends of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Spanish North-Atlantic coast 1991-1999.

Temporal trends for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Galician and Cantabrian areas in Spain, where samples were yearly collected from 1991 to 1999, are presented. This study was carried out by the Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo of the Instituto Español de Oceanografia (I.E.O.) as part of the Spanish contribution to the Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP) of the OSPAR Convention. The experimental work and subsequent statistical treatment, following OSPAR procedures and guidelines, are described. In order to carry out the statistical treatment of the data, median values of the different shell length classes were used for each contaminant, year and area. The Kendall T-b correlation coefficient was used with the purpose of demonstrating the existence of a downward significant temporal trend in the pollution levels, according to the advice of ICES Working Group on Statistical Aspects of Environmental Monitoring. A decrease of copper levels was detected in Vigo, Pontevedra and Arosa, of mercury in Pontevedra and A Coruña, of lead in Vigo, Pontevedra, A Coruña and Bilbao and of zinc in Pontevedra and A Coruña. However, a cadmium positive trend was registered at Ria de Vigo. No significant trends were detected in the other cases.

[Cognitive deficit and schizophrenia]. / Déficit cognitivo y esquizofrenia.

INTRODUCTION: In the present paper, the results of a number of different studies that have tried to establish the characteristics of the cognitive deficit in schizophrenia are discussed. The principal objective of this study was to ascertain whether exist statistically significative differences in such deficit in schizophrenic patients in relation with their preponderant symptomathology (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and disorganization) or their degree of defectual symptoms. METHODOLOGY: Sixty three schizophrenic patients under treatment in a Day Hospital were divided in groups using the dimensions of Liddie and the Scale for assessing the Deficit Syndrome in Schizophrenia. Cognitive deficit was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: Our results show that education and gender has no relation with the cognitive deficit exhibited, whereas there is a direct relation with age and years suffering the illness. Patients who exhibited preponderant disorganization symptoms and those describes as defectual syndrome schizophrenics showed more cognitive deficit in the WCST. The number of preservations in the WCST seems to be the main deficit. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of planning in suggested as a schizophrenic marker in the frame of theories that claim there is a failure in the neurodevelopment of these patients.

Déficit cognitivo y esquizofrenia / Cognitive deficit and schizophrenia

Introducción: En el presente estudio se discuten los distintos resultados que han tratado de determinar la presencia y las diferentes características del déficit cognitivo en la esquizofrenia. El objetivo principal era determinar si existe alguna diferencia significativa en el déficit cognitivo que presentan los pacientes esquizofrénicos según sea su sintomatología predominante (positiva, negativa o desorganizada) y su grado de déficit funcional. Metodología: Sesenta y tres pacientes ingresados en un Centro de día diagnosticados de esquizofrenia fueron divididos según las dimensiones de Liddie y también según la categorización de la Escala para el Síndrome deficitario en la esquizofrenia. Se aplicó el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) para valorar el déficit cognitivo. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que el nivel de estudios y el género no influyen en el déficit cognitivo presentado, pero sí la edad y los años de evolución de la enfermedad, al contrario de lo que afirman algunos autores. Respecto a las tres dimensiones de Liddle, el déficit cognitivo es significativamente mayor en la dimensión 'desorganización'. En cuanto a esquizofrenia deficitaria y no deficitaria encontramos más déficit cognitivo en la primera. Conclusiones: Se confirma, como en otros estudios, que son el número de perseveraciones en el WCST el déficit fundamental y más significativo en la esquizofrenia y se plantea el concepto de planificación como marcador cognitivo del déficit esquizofrénico en el marco de las teorías de una alteración en el neurodesarrollo de estos pacientes (AU)

Red mud of aluminium production waste as basic component of new construction materials.

The work presented here shows the possibility of using the red mud waste from the Bayer process used for aluminium production as the main component of new construction materials. It describes some recent experiments lasting 180 days as well as some 1 year old samples. The best part of materials used are industrial wastes, but some of them contain small (no more the 2%) additions of CaO or Portland Cement (PC) to increase the strengthening rate of the samples. The high strength values of these materials allow their use as new materials for road and airfields bases, levee core, dumps, foundations, etc. They can also be used to make bricks, tiles, and similar items. In addition to the economic factors, these materials are very easy to use and no new residues are generated. The results of the heavy metal leaching tests, not included in this paper, show very low levels of their leachability in acid solutions, far below the demands of the Spanish environmental standards. This can be explained by the strong chemical binding of heavy metals in practically insoluble chemical compositions.