[Clinical observation of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with renal and intestinal lesions].

The article presents a brief description of a rare disease - thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Moshkovits - disease), which is based on the deficiency of ADAMTS-13 metalloproteinase, leading to the development of thrombotic microangiopathy with the defeat of vital organs. The article also describes the clinical observation of a patient with the Moshkovits - disease. The features of the above observation are involvement in the pathological process of the kidneys and intestines, while in the classical descriptions of the disease there is a predominant lesion of the Central nervous system, as well as the genetic form of the disease.

Applying theoretical premises of binary toxicity mathematical modeling to combined impacts of chemical plus physical agents (A case study of moderate subchronic exposures to fluoride and static magnetic field).

Sodium fluoride solution was injected i.p. to rats at a dose equivalent to 0.1 LD50 three times a week up to 18 injections. Two thirds of these rats and of the sham-injected ones were exposed to the whole body impact of a 25 mT static magnetic field for 2 or 4 h a day, 5 times a week. For mathematical analysis of the effects they produced in combination, we used a response surface model. This analysis demonstrated that (like in combined toxicity) the combined adverse action of a chemical plus a physical agent was characterized by a diversity of types depending not only on particular effects these types were assessed for but on their level as well. From this point of view, the indices for which at least one statistically significant effect was observed could be classified as identifying (1) single-factor action; (2) additivity; (3) synergism; (4) antagonism (both subadditive unidirectional action and all variants of contradirectional action). Although the classes (2) and (3) taken together encompass a smaller part of the indices, the biological importance of some of them renders the combination of agents studied as posing a higher health risk than that associated with each them acting alone.

[Combined subchronic toxicity of nickel and manganese oxides nanoparticles, and its decrease due to bioprotectors complex].

Stable suspensions of NiO and/or Mn304 nanoparticles with average diameter 16,7?8,2 nm and 18,4?5,4 nm respectively, obtained via laser ablation of the metals with 99,99% purification in deionized water, were injected intraperitoneally into rats in dose of 0,5 mg or 0,25 mg three times per week up to 18 times separately or in various dose combinations. A group of rats received combined injections of nanoparticles in the highest dose or merely water with oral <> containing pectin, vitamins A, C and E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodine and polyunsaturated fatty acids of omega-3 class. Intoxication development was assessed through multiple functional parameters and histologic changes in liver, spleen, kidneys and brain. Nickel and manganese accumulation in these organs was measured-via various methods. Both types of metallic oxide nanoparticles appeared to be hazardous for body, but Mn304 caused more harm according to major nonspecific toxicity manifestations. Moreover, they caused more intense injury to caudate nucleus and hippocamp neurons - that can be considered as an experimental model of manganese parkinsonism. Mathematic analysis based on response pattern revealed ambiguity of the combined toxicity type, depending on the effects assessed and on its level. Due to the bioprotector complex, organic and systemic toxicity and genotoxicity of Mn304 and NiO nanoparticles combined were diminished.

[Increasing resistance against hazardous effects of metals-containing nanoparticles as a prospective approach to health risks management].

Extremely high toxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles necessitates search of methods to increase body resistance against its harmful effects. The authors' experiments summarized in the article demonstrated that some combinations of certain biologically active substances selected according to sound theoretic background and prescribed in harmless doses can significantly decrease integral and specific manifestations of organ and system toxicity and even genotoxicity of such nanoparticles. Further development of this research direction should be recommended for practical implementation.

[APPROACHES TO ENHANCING THE ORGANISM'S RESISTANCE TO THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NANOMATERIALS AS EXAMPLIFIED BY NANOSILVER AND NANOCOPPER OXIDE].

Subchronic intoxications in rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of stable water suspensions of silver or copper oxide nanoparticles in low dosage were manifested by adverse shifts in some functional and biochemical indices, by development of histo-structural changes in different tissues and by poly-organ fragmentation of DNA. All these manifestations of toxicity were substantially attenuated against the background of parallel oral administration of bioprotective complexes comprising vitamins, trace elements, pectin, some amino acids and a fish oil preparation rich in omega-3 fee fatty acids, this composition has been adjusted to mechanisms of action of this or that nanomaterial.

Combined subchronic fluoride-lead intoxication and its attenuation with the help of a complex of bioprotectors.

BACKGROUND: Combined toxicity of lead and fluoride has been studied insufficiently, and there is no known information about attempts to inhibit it with any bioprotectors. METHODS: Lead acetate and sodium fluoride, administered separately or in combination, were injected i.p. to rats at isoeffective sublethal doses 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Some of the rats were exposed to the same combination against the background of oral administration of a bioprotector complex (BPC) comprising pectin, glutamate, and multivitamin/multimineral preparations. Following exposure, functional and biochemical indices and histopathological examinations of the femur of exposed and control rats were evaluated for signs of toxicity. RESULTS: We have shown that with regard to a number of effects on the organism level the combined toxicity of lead and fluoride may be evaluated as additive or even superadditive, but lead reduces fluoride accumulation in the bone, and pathological changes in the bone tissue proved to be less marked for combined exposure compared with separate exposures. The BPC has been demonstrated to attenuate a range of the combined harmful effects of lead and fluoride, including those on the bone tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the fact that fluoride and lead may reciprocally attenuate their harmful effects on the bone tissue in case of combined exposure, they prove to be more toxic for soft tissues just in combination than when administered separately. The development of combined intoxication may be substantially inhibited by means of the tested set of innocuous biologically active agents.

Immunomodulation of reparative processes in the skin with ribomunyl.

A stimulatory effect of intradermal injections of ribomunyl on healing of a skin wound was shown in rats. The effect is based on activation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and stimulation of neoangiogenesis in newly formed granulation tissue.

[Features of a cytokine profile in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with progressive chronic renal failure].

AIM: To specify the cytokine profile in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) with aggravating renal function, to assess prognostic value of some cytokines in development of CGN in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Indices of the cytokine profile were followed up in 56 CGN patients with nephrotic syndrome and arterial hypertension and compared in those patients who developed CGN for 2 years (group 2) versus patients with intact renal function (group 1). RESULTS: Serum levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were maximal in CGN patients with aggravating renal function. Such patients had a low concentration of serum IL-1beta receptors antagonists. Severity of proteinurea correlated with serum level of TNF-alpha. If the latter was higher than 120 pg/ml, there was a high probability of CRF development within 2 years. CONCLUSION: Pathogenesis of CRF in CGN is associated with proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-alpha. Its serum concentration can be used for evaluating risk of renal function deterioration.