[Evaluation of the content and migration of heavy metals in components of river ecosystems' of mining territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

Exploration and development of mineral deposits in the Transurals of the Republic of Bashkortostan are accompanied by a comprehensive environmental impact. Ones of the most vulnerable elements of the landscape are the surface water bodies used for fishery purposes, recreation and household needs of the population. Extraction and processing of ores lead to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals (HM), which by passing into a pond, can actively be involved in the cycling of matter and migrate via food chains to the human under the consumption of fish products. Possessing by cumulative properties, HM can express mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. The aim of research was the study of the impact of mining facilities on the content of the priority HM in the components of river ecosystems in the Transurals of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the development of a complex of preventive measures on the improvement of the human environment. There was studied the content of Zn, Cu and Cd in the water, bottom sediments and phytomass of Elodea canadensis Michx. The measurements of mass concentrations of metals were performed by stripping voltammetry with the use of the STA device. The results showed that for the cross-sections there is typical the following descending series of elements in the river components: Zn > Cu > Cd. In water samples there is observed the exceedance of standards for water bodies of potable, cultural and community water use and fishery basins. The concentration of zinc varies in the range of 0.016-5.24 mg/dm; copper - 0.0024-0.095 mg/dm; cadmium - 0.0001-0.019 mg/dm. In bottom sediments, in general, the content of metals in comparison with control plots is increased to the tenfold value. The meaning of mobile forms of zinc in the ground varies in the range of 0.81-9.62 mg/kg; copper - 0.12-18.69 mg/kg; cadmium - 0.00013-0.092 mg/kg. The zinc concentration in above-ground phytomass of Elodea canadensis compared to control increases by 2-3.5 times, copper - 4-8 times, cadmium - 2-7 times. Univariate analysis of variance confirmed the accuracy of the impact of the degree of contamination on the accumulation of metals by Elodea canadensis. The results testify to the potential danger to health of water bodies of the region's population.

[Hygienic rationale for the maximum allowable concentration of agidol 10 in the ambient air of inhabited localities].

The subjects of studies were laboratory animals (rabbits, guinea pigs, albino rats, albino mice) and a chemical substance (agidol 10, a alkyl phenol derivative). The purpose of the study was to provide a rationale for the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of agidol 10 in the atmosphere of inhabited localities. Experimental studies of the toxicity of agidol 10 were conducted on laboratory animals. The recommended average daily MAC of agidol 10 was 1.0 mg/mn; the maximum single dose was 2.0 mg/m3. The limiting index was its resorptive activity.

[Hygienic evaluation of public health risks induced by petrochemical industrial releases in alkylphenols production].

Experimental studies covered toxicity of alkylphenols derivatives in laboratory animals, helped to specify maximal allowable concentrations. Environmental studies were aimed at quality of ambient air near enterpirses involved into production of alkylphenyl stabilizers and additives.

[Organization of a sociohygienic monitoring system in the developed ore-mining areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

The paper presents data on the content of chemical elements in the snow blanket, water sources, soil, and agricultural products in the Uchaly and Baimak districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The integrated pollution of environmental objects and the content of metals in the biological environments were estimated and the total daily doses of heavy metals ingested by the inhabitants of the districts. The results of observations made it possible to rank the areas by the man-caused load, and to substantiate the major priority pollutants to be included into the sociohygienic monitoring system.