In Vitro Lethality of Fenbendazole to the Eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi.

Oxyspirura petrowi is a heteroxenous nematode that infects the harderian gland and other ocular tissues in birds. High-intensity infections often cause damage to the infected tissues. Due to the nature of the infection sites, treatment of O. petrowi in these hosts can be difficult. Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a common anthelmintic used to treat birds for helminth infections; however, little information exists as to the efficacy of the drug on O. petrowi infections. The present study aims to estimate lethal concentrations of FBZ to O. petrowi. Adult O. petrowi were maintained in vitro and exposed to doses of 5, 50, 100, and 200 µM concentrations of FBZ and included both negative and vehicle controls. Exposure lasted 7.5 days and lethality was determined for each treatment. Negative and vehicle controls did not differ, and both had 75% survival at the end of the treatment period. The percentage survivorship in ascending order of concentration, corrected for the controls, was 66.67%, 44.44%, 33.33%, and 0%. LC10, LC50, and LC90 estimates were 7.5 ± 0.26, 49.1 ± 1.69, and 163.2 ± 5.63 µM, respectively. In the context of known pharmacokinetics of FBZ in birds, a single oral dose of FBZ can achieve exposure levels that are lethal to O. petrowi, but the drug does not stay in the system long enough. Thus, treatment of O. petrowi infections will require multiple oral doses over several days.

Escala de Edinburgh para depresión posparto: consistencia interna y estructura factorial en mujeres embarazadas de Cartagena, Colombia / Validating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale’s internal consistency and factor structure amongst pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivos: determinar la consistencia interna y la estructura de factores de la escala de Edinburgh para depresión posparto en mujeres embarazadas de Cartagena, Colombia. Materiales y método: se diseñó un estudio de validación de un instrumento de tamizaje sin patrón de oro (metodológico), de la escala de Edinburgh para depresión posparto con 200 mujeres gestantes letradas entre 18 y 42 años, con un promedio de 24,3 años (DE = 5,2), residentes de estrato económico bajo que asistían a consulta externa en una clínica pública de maternidad en Cartagena, Colombia. Se determinó consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y la estructura factorial de la escala (análisis factorial exploratorio). Resultados: la escala mostró una consistencia interna de 0,78, una estructura tridimensional (ánimo deprimido, anhedonía y desesperanza y culpa) que explicaba el 59,9 por ciento de la varianza. Conclusiones: el estudio muestra que la escala de Edinburgh para depresión posparto posee una alta consistencia interna y una estructura tridimensional para el concepto de depresión en mujeres embarazadas de Cartagena, Colombia.