RESUMO
La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que afecta a seres humanos de todas las edades, y se considera que la tercera parte de la población mundial está infectada con el bacilo de Koch. Aunque la vacuna BCG es aplicada sistemáticamente en áreas endémicas, su efectividad varía de 0-80% dependiendo de diversos factores que incluyen: la cepa vacunal utilizada, la exposición a micobacterias ambientales, e incluso a factores genéticos. La incidencia de la enfermedad va en aumento en todo el mundo, y es urgente contar con una vacuna alternativa a la BGC. En la presente revisión se hace una descripción de las estrategias moleculares puntuales y a escala genómica que se están llevando a cabo para el diseño de una nueva vacuna, y se pone de manifiesto la necesidad del uso de las nuevas tecnologías de alto rendimiento para lograr un diseño verdaderamente racional de una nueva vacuna contra la tuberculosis (AU)
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease affecting people from all ages all over the world. It is estimatedthat one third of the world population lives infected with the causal agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Despite availability and systematic administration of BCG vaccine in endemic areas, TB transmissionremains elusive to control, partly because BGC efficacy has been shown to have wide variability (0-80%).Such variability in protection is attributed to factors including: the BCG strain used for immunization, preexistingexposure to environmental saprophytic Mycobacterium species, and host genetic factors. In thiscontext, efforts regarding to re-engineeringBCGvaccines with the ability to prevent latent TB reactivation,providing long lasting protection, and devoid from collateral effects in immunosuppressed people areurgent. In this work we review the actual molecular «gene-by-gene» strategies aimed at generating BCGalternatives, and discuss the urgent necessity of high throughput technology methods for a rational designfor a new TB vaccine (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose , Genômica/tendências , Vacinas de DNA , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Vacina BCG , DNA Bacteriano/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease affecting people from all ages all over the world. It is estimated that one third of the world population lives infected with the causal agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite availability and systematic administration of BCG vaccine in endemic areas, TB transmission remains elusive to control, partly because BGC efficacy has been shown to have wide variability (0-80%). Such variability in protection is attributed to factors including: the BCG strain used for immunization, pre-existing exposure to environmental saprophytic Mycobacterium species, and host genetic factors. In this context, efforts regarding to re-engineering BCG vaccines with the ability to prevent latent TB reactivation, providing long lasting protection, and devoid from collateral effects in immunosuppressed people are urgent. In this work we review the actual molecular «gene-by-gene¼ strategies aimed at generating BCG alternatives, and discuss the urgent necessity of high throughput technology methods for a rational design for a new TB vaccine.
