El cuerpo cotidiano: itinerarios corporales de mujeres / The everyday body: women's body itineraries

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los itinerarios corporales de mujeres de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) alto y bajo que viven en Santiago de Chile. A través de una investigación cualitativa se indaga en las prácticas de alimentación, ejercicio y cuidado estético. Se realizaron entrevistas reflexivas a cuatro mujeres y se hizo un análisis temático reflexivo. Los análisis muestran que las mujeres de nivel socioeconómico alto refieren a las prácticas corporales cotidianas desde una alta sensación/conciencia corporal, mientras que para las de nivel socioeconómico bajo el cuerpo se vive como un lugar de control sobre el que hay escaso registro. A la descripción de las prácticas se agrega el carácter moral y afectivo con que son descriptas. Como resultado emergente, el cuidado de hijos/as surge como una variable relevante dentro de los itinerarios corporales, específicamente respecto de las prácticas de alimentación y ejercicio. Se concluye que las diferencias en las prácticas de alimentación, ejercicio y cuidado estético entre mujeres de NSE alto y bajo son consistentes con disparidades presentadas en encuestas. Trabajar desde la noción de itinerarios corporales permitió mostrar el modo en que se articula una diversidad de asuntos cotidianos que tradicionalmente se han estudiado de manera desagregada. Se sugiere para futuras investigaciones trabajar con muestras que incluyan otro tipo de participantes (hombres y/o sujetos de NSE medio) e integrar el rol de cuidadora como una variable a considerar.

Abstract This work aims to study women's body itineraries, through the interviews of women from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) who live in Santiago de Chile. The project inquiries bodies' itineraries as a set of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetics care actions as everyday practices. This concept allowed reflecting on the body as a continuous becoming, a movement or action, and not a fixed entity. The project had a qualitative research design. Data was collected using reflexive interviews. Participants were asked to describe a typical day using magazine images. Every interview started with the question: "If your body could talk with images, how would it tell its day?". Four women were interviewed, two of high SES and two of low SES. The data analysis was conducted the reflexive thematic analysis guidelines. The results compared high and low SES bodies itineraries organized by type of practice. Women of high SES describe their nutrition practices in terms of body awareness; how food affects their bodies. Low SES women instead talk about their nutrition from a self-control perspective. These women describe their food intake as something that must be at all times regulated. For them, nutrition becomes a constant failure because they usually lack self-control. Women of high SES describe the exercise as a pleasant activity, it is related to wellbeing. The interviewed women from this group reported exercising regularly. Women of Low SES described their lack of exercising in terms of laziness. Women of low SES report makeup as a daily aesthetic care practice. Women describe that they start applying makeup at their house, continue in the subway or bus on the way to work, and finish at the workplace. Makeup doesn't have a delimited space or place. Women of high SES describe aesthetic care practices in terms of skincare. They emphasize that good-looking skin and body image reflect a healthy body. A significant difference between low and high SES women is that the first consider aesthetic care practices as superficial, while for the latter is an inner state that reflects exteriorly. In general terms, women of high SES refer to body itineraries in terms of awareness. Women regularly refer to how the practices of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care affect their bodies. Women of low SES instead describe their body itineraries as control practices that regularly fail. They don't report body sensations. The analysis shows that the description of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care have moral (good/bad) and affective dimensions (how a body shall be affected in these practices). Being a caregiver emerged as a relevant issue when accounting for body itineraries. Two of the four women we interviewed were mothers, one from each SES. Caregiving was significant in nutrition and exercise practices. Women with children tend to eat when and what their children are eating. Eating tends to be a practice distributed in the routine. For example, a woman had a sandwich with her son before school and then a coffee after dropping him at school. Likewise, exercise is in function to the children's routine. For example, a woman walks fast from the school to her house. Being a caregiver structures time and, as an effect, it is very significant in body itineraries. Finally, in the discussion the analysis was compared with other data. The different practices of women of high and low SES derive into different outcomes. Women of low SES are more obese and sedentary than women from high SES. The notion of body itineraries is an integrative concept to study nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care.

Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in South America.

One hundred and twenty-six epidemiologically sequential, unrelated, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from nine hospitals in six countries of South America were collected between July 2013 and June 2014. Genes coding for Ambler class D and B carbapenemases were sought by PCR. All isolates were typed using the 3-locus sequence typing and blaOXA-51-like sequence-based typing techniques. The blaOXA-23 gene was recovered in all the participating hospitals and in all the isolates of seven of nine medical centres. The blaOXA-72 gene was only recovered in the two medical centres from Guayaquil city, Ecuador. Trilocus sequence typing revealed the presence of sequence groups SG2, SG4 and SG5. blaOXA-51-like sequence-based typing revealed the presence of blaOXA-132, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-69 and blaOXA-64. Our results showed that the population of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in South America was principally associated with ST79, ST25 and ST15 (92 %) and harboured the blaOXA-23 gene mainly. CC2 was not detected.

Tumor filoide en una mujer indígena colombiana / Phyllodes tumor in a Colombian indigenous woman

El tumor filoide es una neoplasia fibroepitelial de la glándula mamaria, constituida por la proliferación del componente estromal y epitelial. Se clasifica según sus características histológicas como benigno, de malignidad intermedia y maligno. Pese a que la presencia de tumor filoide se ha descrito en mujeres colombianas, no se encuentran reportes sobre su ocurrencia en mujeres indígenas. Se presenta un caso de un tumor filoide benigno en una indígena colombiana de la tribu Embera Chami, con la respectiva descripción clínica y quirúrgica, y el análisis histopatológico y de inmunohistoquímica.

The phyllodes tumor is a fibroepithelial mammary gland tumor, constituted of stromal and epithelial component. It is classified according to the histological features as benign, intermediate and malignant. Although the presence of phyllodes tumor has been described in Colombianwomen, the presentation of this tumor in indigenouswomen has not been reported. A case of a benign phyllodes tumor in a Colombian indigenouswoman from the Embera Chami tribe is presented with the clinical, surgical, histopathological and immunohistochemical description and analysis.

[Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from stool cultures in Santiago, Chile]. / Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Campylobacter jejuni aislado de coprocultivos en Santiago de Chile.

Campylobacter jejuni is a common agent of enterocolitis in humans. Campylobacteriosis has been recognized as a zoonotic disease whose reservoir is the intestinal flora of poultry. The reposition of fluid and electrolytes is the recommended treatment, and antimicrobials are required only in severe and/or in prolonged disease. Given the emergence of resistance to drugs commonly used in the treatment of acute diarrhea, we studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of 73 strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from stool culture. The antimicrobials tested were: erythromycin, azithromycin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Of the 73 strains tested by E-test, 32.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 6.4% were resistant to ampicillin. Resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin was not detected. The surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni is important in the evaluation of empirically used antimicrobials in the treatment of bacterial enterocolitis.