Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and associated factors in Spanish young adults in the last year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on the online 'SV in Young People Survey' (2020). SETTING: Non-institutionalised population residing in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 2515 men and women aged 18-35 years old. The participants were obtained from a probability based, online closed panel of adults aged 16 or older that is representative of the non-institutionalised population. The sample designed includes quotas by sex, age, region and country of origin. OUTCOMES MEASURES AND ANALYSES: SV victimisation by sociodemographics, sexual attraction and couple-related characteristics during the past year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (March-June 2020). Prevalence ratios were calculated using robust Poisson regression models. RESULTS: In Spain, 8.5% of young people experienced SV during the past year. The greatest prevalence was observed in women with bisexual attraction (17.5%) and in men with homosexual attraction (14.2%). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of SV victimisation was lower (1.9%), but unwanted intercourses increased, affecting 64.4% of those exposed to SV during the period. People with homosexual or bisexual attraction were more likely to experience SV in all of the studied periods (PRbefore: 2.01; p<0.001; PRduring: 2.63 p=0.002; PRafter: 2.67; p<0.001). Women were more likely than men to experience SV prior to the lockdown, while no cohabitation increased the likelihood to experience SV after this period CONCLUSIONS: SV victimisation in Spanish youth is high. During COVID-19, there were changes in the magnitude of factors associated with SV. It seems that SV events decreased in people who did not live with their partners, but unwanted intercourses increased. The development of prevention strategies to address SV in youth should take into account social inequalities by sex, sexual orientation and origin.

[Immigration and health: needs and primary health care use by immigrant population in the Girona Health Region]. / Inmigración y salud: necesidades y utilización de los servicios de atención primaria por parte de la población inmigrante en la región sanitaria Girona.

BACKGROUND: At the end of 1998, foreign population in Spain supposed a 1.60% of the total population. Nowadays, this percentage rises at 13.01%. This change in the population socio-demographic structure means an alteration of the use of public services in our country. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze, for the Health Region Girona (RSG), the attended morbidity, the needs and the uses of primary health care services by immigrant population, compared with native users considering sex, age, ethnicity and sociodemographic conditions. METHODS: The data on morbidity and on health care services utilization comes from medical records of the Catalan Health Institute (ICS); socio-economic information comes from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 645 users of primary health care services selected, using a non proportional stratified sampling method, from a previous population identification process. Data was analyzed with complex samples module of SPSSv15, through non-parametric and parametric contrasts. RESULTS: The results show an immigrant population healthier than the native (50.1% of visits compared to 61.2%, 50% of drug consumption versus 66.7% and 29.6% of chronic disorders versus 51.4%) although they persist in worst socio-economic conditions (9.4% unemployed compared to 5.6%, 38% are illiterate compared to 17.4%, or 53.5% of homes in rent versus 15%). Adjusting by these variables, frequentation rates do not differ by patients origin. CONCLUSIONS: Realized contrasts allow affirming that are, mainly, these socio-demographic conditions, and not uniquely the origin of the patient, those that determine the population needs and the population uses of health care services.

Inmigración y salud: necesidades y utilización de los servicios de atención primaria por parte de la población inmigrante en la región sanitaria Girona / Immigration and health: needs and primary health care use by immigrant population in the Girona Health Region

Fundamentos: A finales del año 1998 el volumen de población extranjera en España suponía un 1,60% de la población total. En la actualidad este porcentaje asciende al 13,01%. Este cambio en la estructura demográfica poblacional supone una alteración del uso de los servicios públicos en nuestro país. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la morbilidad atendida, las necesidades y la utilización de los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria por parte de la población inmigrante, comparándolo con los usuarios autóctonos teniendo en cuenta el sexo, la edad, el origen geográfico y los condicionantes sociodemográficos. Métodos: Los datos referentes a la morbilidad y utilización de los servicios sanitarios provienen de los registros médicos del Institut Català de la Salut (ICS). La información socioeconómica procede de un cuestionario administrado a una muestra de 645 usuarios de los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria, seleccionados mediante un muestreo estratificado no proporcional a partir de un proceso de identificación poblacional previo. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con el módulo de muestras complejas de SPSSv15, a través de contrastes paramétricos y no paramétricos. Resultados: Los resultados fueron: 50,1% de visitas en población inmigrante frente a un 61,2%, 50% de consumo de fármacos en población inmigrante versus 66,7% y 29,6% de trastornos crónicos en población inmigrante frente a un 51,4%. Los resultados socioeconómicos muestran 9,4% de parados en población inmigrante frente a un 5,6%, 38% de analfabetos en población inmigrante frente a un 17,4%, o un 53,5% en viviendas de alquiler en población inmigrante frente a un 15%. Cuando se ajustan estas variables, las tasas de frecuentación no muestran divergencias en función del origen del paciente. Conclusiones: Los contrastes realizados permiten afirmar que son, principalmente, estos condicionantes sociodemográficos, y no únicamente el origen del paciente, los que determinan las necesidades y utilización de los servicios sanitarios de la población (AU)

Background: At the end of 1998, foreign population in Spain supposed a 1.60% of the total population. Nowadays, this percentage rises at 13.01%. This change in the population socio-demographic structure means an alteration of the use of public services in our country. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze, for the Health Region Girona (RSG), the attended morbidity, the needs and the uses of primary health care services by immigrant population, compared with native users considering sex, age, ethnicity and sociodemographic conditions. Methods: The data on morbidity and on health care services utilization comes from medical records of the Catalan Health Institute (ICS); socio-economic information comes from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 645 users of primary health care services selected, using a non proportional stratified sampling method, from a previous population identification process. Data was analyzed with complex samples module of SPSSv15, through non-parametric and parametric contrasts. Results: The results show an immigrant population healthier than the native (50.1% of visits compared to 61.2%, 50% of drug consumption versus 66.7% and 29.6% of chronic disorders versus 51.4%) although they persist in worst socio-economic conditions (9.4% unemployed compared to 5.6%, 38% are illiterate compared to 17.4%, or 53.5% of homes in rent versus 15%). Adjusting by these variables, frequentation rates do not differ by patient’s origin. Conclusions: Realized contrasts allow affirming that are, mainly, these socio-demographic conditions, and not uniquely the origin of the patient, those that determine the population needs and the population uses of health care services (AU)