[NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE EXPERIMENT WITH 105-DAY ISOLATION AS THE FIRST PHASE OF PROJECT MARS-500].

In a 105-day experiment simulating crew life in a space exploration vehicle, shifts in the nutritional status were assessed in 6 test subjects differing in the body mass index, basal metabolism, attitude to the diet, physical exercise and workload. Results of the investigation showed that because of the hard physical work the nutritional status of test subjects was described by more intensive basal metabolism, elevated metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, and their increased mobilization from depots. Food ration, though it was sufficient to sustain health and fairly high performance, failed to meet fully individual taste preferences and energy needs for physical activities. The heavy workloads required mobilization of lipids from adipose depots, and a decrease of the hepatic detoxification and metabolic capacities. Self-limitation of eating protein-rich desserts led to a relative deficiency of protein intake. These faults of the diet were the reason why 4 out of 6 test subjects reduced their basal metabolism and lost body mass. Recovery of metabolism and slowdown of the body mass loss were achieved by supplementing meals with available protein-containing products.

[Evaluation of the liver functional changes due to modeling the hemodynamic effects of microgravity in bed rest studies].

Ultrasonic investigations of 8 male volunteers for bed rest at -15 degrees showed plethora in peritoneal veins and slow blood flow through the liver with no effect on biochemical parameters. Breath test with 100 mg of 13C-methacetine (MBT) pointed to diminution of the metabolic capacity and decline of the hepatic detoxification activity due to the hemodynamic effects. MBT can be used as a nonintrusive method for diagnosing functional changes in the liver induced by hemodynamic developments in microgravity and other situations triggering similar hemodynamic mechanisms.

[Helminthes of wild birds in Bashkortostan].

Results of the helminthological dissection of 312 wild birds of 83 species from five orders were considered. Diagrams reflecting these data show the state of infestation for the orders and, separately, infestation of families in the order Passeriformes. Indices of infestation for these orders and families are also given.

[Cutaneous electro-gastroenterography for evaluation of changes in the gastrointestinal tract in consequence of various angles of inclination and length of head-down tilt].

Experimental results were compared with data of cutaneous electro-gastroenterography and USI of the gastrointestinal tract in human subjects at different tilt angles and after different periods of tilting. It was shown that increased GIT electrical activity in tilted subjects before meal is representative of increasing intracavetary contents of the stomach and small intestine. More intensive electrical activity results from elevation of the GIT tone and peristalsis. Extension of tilt duration raises GIT tone and peristalsis and, consequently, stimulates the GIT electrical activity. Further increase of the tilt angle suppresses evacuation and, therefore, the electrical activity Analysis of the results allows conclusion that increased parameters of the total energy of GIT electrical potentials are reflective of elevated tone of GIT walls, whereas elongation of the potential peaks envelope implies activation of peristalsis.

[Modified methods of percutaneous electrogastroenterography]. / Modifitsirovannaia metodika nakozhnoi élektrogastroénterografii.

In 62 normal males and females gastrointestinal (GI) electrical activity was evaluated before and after standard breakfast with the method of epicutaneous electrogastroenterography (EGEG) with the use of AgCl electrodes and original hard- and software "Gastroenterograph" developed by the authors. Spectral analysis (SA) of GI electrical potentials enabled quantification of the electrical activity of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the whole of the small intestine. The stomach and the small intestine were main contributors to the total GI electrical activity during fasting. Changes in the functional activity of the digestive system after the meal were characterized by increases in selected SA parameters (length of the spectral curve and area underneath), dissociation between their values and redistribution of ratios in different GI segments.