Anestesia multimodal intratecal en cesáreas, cambios que mejoran su eficacia y seguridad: ensayo clínico / Intrathecal multimodal anesthesia in caesarean sections, changes that improve its efficacy and safety: clinical trial

Resumen: Introducción: la concentración y velocidad en la administración de la anestesia multimodal intratecal con fentanilo en cesáreas mejoran la eficacia anestésica manteniendo buen control hemodinámico. Objetivo: evaluar si algunos cambios en la anestesia multimodal intratecal mejoran su eficacia y seguridad en cesáreas. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego en mujeres embarazadas programadas para cesárea, distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo F6B2: fentanilo 65 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 2.5 mg + morfina 10 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg; grupo F6B3: fentanilo 60 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 3 mg+ morfina 100 μg+ dexmedetomidina 5 μg; y grupo F7B2: fentanilo 70 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 2 mg + morfina 100 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg. Se evaluó la eficacia anestésica previo a la incisión, durante la disección de la pared abdominal, al ingreso a cavidad abdominal, en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas y en el postquirúrgico inmediato, así como los signos vitales. Resultados: los grupos F6B2 y F6B3 resultaron tener mayor eficacia anestésica en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas (p = 0.02) y el grupo F7B2 el de mayor seguridad con mejor control hemodinámico a los minutos 1 y 10 (p = 0.03 y p = 0.03 respectivamente). Conclusiones: los cambios en la administración de la anestesia multimodal intratecal con fentanilo mejoraron la eficacia anestésica, pero disminuyen la seguridad sobre el control hemodinámico.

Abstract: Introduction: the concentration and speed in the administration of intrathecal multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl in cesareans section improve anesthetic efficacy while maintaining good hemodynamic control. Objective: to evaluate if some changes in intrathecal multimodal anesthesia improve its efficacy and safety in cesareans section. Material and methods: clinical trial, controlled, randomized, double blind; in pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section, divided into 3 groups: group F6B2: fentanyl 65 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 2.5 mg+ morphine 100 μg+ dexmedetomidine 5 μg; group F6B3: fentanyl 60 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 mg + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg; and group F7B2: fentanyl 70 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 2 mg + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg. The anesthetic efficacy was evaluated prior to the incision, during the dissection of the abdominal wall, upon the admission to the abdominal cavity, in the review of paracolic slides and in the immediate postoperative period, as well as the vital signs. Results: the F6B2 and F6B3 groups turned out to have greater anesthetic efficacy in the revision of paracolic slides (p = 0.02) and the F7B2 group had the highest safety with better hemodynamic control at 1 and 10 minutes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: changes in the administration of intrathecal multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl improved anesthetic efficacy, but decreased safety over hemodynamyc control.

Eficacia y seguridad de la anestesia multimodal intratecal con fentanilo en cesárea: ensayo clínico / Efficacy and safety of multimodal intrathecal anesthesia with fentanyl in cesarean section: clinical trial

Resumen: Introducción: El fentanilo ofrece buena eficacia anestésica, con menores efectos sobre el sistema nervioso simpático, al mantener un mejor estado hemodinámico, pero su efecto en combinación con otros anestésicos en embarazadas no está del todo descrito. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia anestésica y seguridad de la anestesia multimodal con fentanilo en mujeres embarazadas durante la cesárea. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego; en mujeres embarazadas programadas para cesárea, distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo FBMD: fentanilo 70 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.1%, 2 mg, + morfina 100 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg; grupo BFM: bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.25%, 5 mg, + fentanilo 25 μg + morfina 100 μg, y el grupo BM: bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.375%, 7.5 mg, + morfina 100 μg. Se evaluó la eficacia anestésica previo a la incisión, durante la disección de la pared abdominal, al ingreso a cavidad abdominal, en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas y en el postquirúrgico inmediato, así como, los signos vitales. Resultados: Se analizaron 180 mujeres. El grupo FBMD mostró mayor eficacia anestésica en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas (p = 0.01) y en el postquirúrgico inmediato (p = 0.0001), así como mayor seguridad con mejor control hemodinámico a los minutos uno y 10 (p = 0.02 y p = 0.03, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La anestesia multimodal con FBMD demuestra mejor eficacia anestésica y seguridad sobre el control hemodinámico.

Abstract: Introduction: Fentanyl offers good anesthetic efficacy and fewer effects on the sympathetic nervous system with better hemodynamic status, but its effect in combination with other anesthetics in pregnant women has not been fully described. Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy and safety of multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. Material and methods: Controlled, randomized, double blinded clinical trial; in pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section distributed in 3 groups: FBMD group: fentanyl 70 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.1%, 2 mg, + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg; BFM group: hyperbaric bupivaine 0.25%, 5 mg, + fentanyl 25 μg + morphine 100 μg, and group BM: hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.375%, 7.5 mg, + morphine 100 μg. The anesthetic efficacy was evaluated: prior to the incision, during the dissection of the abdominal wall, upon entry to the abdominal cavity, in the revision of parietocolic slides and in the immediate postoperative period, as well as the vital signs. Results: 180 women were analyzed. The FBMD group showed greater anesthetic efficacy in the revision of parietocolic slides (p = 0.01) and in the immediate postoperative period (p = 0.0001) and greater safety, showing better hemodynamic control at minutes 1 and 10 (p = 0.02 y p = 0.03 respectively). Conclusions: Multimodal anesthesia with FMBD shows better anesthetic efficacy and safety over hemodynamic control.

Extreme Situation Experienced by Dental Students of the Medical University of Silesia Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic during the First Lockdown.

The pandemic declared in many countries in 2020 due to COVID-19 led to the freezing of economies and the introduction of distance learning in both schools and universities. This unusual situation has affected the mental state of citizens, which has the potential to lead to the development of post-traumatic stress and depression. This study aimed to assess the level of stress in dental students in the context of the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. A survey on the PSS-10 scale was prepared to measure the level of perceived stress. The study included 164 dental students at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. The results showed the impact of COVID-19 on the stress of students, with 67.7% reporting high levels of stress. The study also revealed that stress was higher among older female students. This paper recommends that the university provide more intensive psychological care as psychological first aid strategies in epidemics or natural disasters and to consider telemedicine in order to deliver services due to the limitations of the pandemic.

Experimental Setup for Investigating the Efficient Load Balancing Algorithms on Virtual Cloud.

Cloud computing has emerged as the primary choice for developers in developing applications that require high-performance computing. Virtualization technology has helped in the distribution of resources to multiple users. Increased use of cloud infrastructure has led to the challenge of developing a load balancing mechanism to provide optimized use of resources and better performance. Round robin and least connections load balancing algorithms have been developed to allocate user requests across a cluster of servers in the cloud in a time-bound manner. In this paper, we have applied the round robin and least connections approach of load balancing to HAProxy, virtual machine clusters and web servers. The experimental results are visualized and summarized using Apache Jmeter and a further comparative study of round robin and least connections is also depicted. Experimental setup and results show that the round robin algorithm performs better as compared to the least connections algorithm in all measuring parameters of load balancer in this paper.

The Impact of Rehabilitation-oriented Virtual Reality Device in Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the Early Subacute Recovery Phase: Study Protocol for a Phase III, Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Stroke is considered the most common cause of adult disability. Intensive rehabilitation protocols outperform nonintensive counterparts. The subacute stroke phase represents a potential window to recovery. Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to provide a more stimulating environment, allowing for increased patient compliance. However, the quality of current literature comparing VR with standard therapies is limited. Our aim is to measure the impact of VR versus standard therapy on the recovery of the upper limb motor function in patients with stroke in the early subacute recovery phase. METHOD: This is a randomized, controlled trial that will assign 262 patients to tailor-made standard rehabilitation (TMSR) or TMSR plus immersive VR device. The trial will be conducted in an urban rehabilitation clinic in the United States with expertise in the management of poststroke patients. Patients will be 18 to 70 years of age and in the early subacute period (30-90 days post ischemic stroke). The primary outcome will be the change of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score, measured at baseline and 13 weeks after randomization. The secondary outcome will be the change in the UK Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure (UK FIM-FAM) score at the same time points. DISCUSSION: If the use of VR in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke proves to have a significant impact on their motor recovery, it will constitute an extremely important step into decreasing the functional impairment associated with stroke and the related health care expense burden.

First catheter ablations in the Ministry of Health system of Peru: Report of the initial experience.

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the Ministry of Health (MINSA) of Peru inaugurated the first national center for electrophysiology studies in a public tertiary referral hospital with the purpose to provide healthcare access to the most underserved population. This study aims to describe the rate of success and complications of catheter ablation in this center since its inception, as well as the demographic characteristics of these patients. METHODS: This study is descriptive and retrospective. We used the medical record of the patients who underwent catheter ablation (first-time and re-do procedure) in the center from July 2015 to February 2018. RESULTS: 55 catheter ablations were performed in 53 patients, who were 35 (±15) years old and 47% male. 63.6% had a full MINSA health coverage, while 16.4% and 20% had partial MINSA coverage and no health coverage, respectively. Atrio-ventricular reentrant tachycardia mediated by accessory pathways was the most common (76.4%) electrophysiology diagnosis. The overall immediate success rate was 96.4%. No complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy and safety of this procedure are comparable to international standards. The main limitations might be the insufficiency of resources and inadequate diffusion of our center activity.

Cardiotoxicity: Myocardium or Endothelium.

Endothelial biomarkers are gaining interest in the stratification of cardiovascular risk and early diagnosis of cardiotoxicity secondary to antineoplastic drugs. Interestingly, some drugs, such as anthracyclines, have been recently associated with vascular damage, which reveals the pivotal role of research in identifying biomarkers that could potentially be included into more specific cardiotoxicity risk scores. An extensive report of the incidences of cardiovascular adverse effects of oncologic drugs is presented, with the main purpose of highlighting not only the risk of developing heart failure but also the importance of associated vascular adverse effects (i.e., hypertension, venous, and arterial thrombosis) experienced by patients in the post-chemotherapy phase.

Mid-ventricle Takotsubo in a Patient with Goodpasture Syndrome.

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by transient, regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, often mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Atypical variants of this syndrome with mid-ventricular, basal, and focal wall motion patterns are increasingly diagnosed and show different clinical features compared to typical TTS. Even though TTS was generally considered a benign condition, continuous and strict monitoring is necessary to diagnose potentially life-threating complications. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, of atypical TTS in a patient with Goodpasture syndrome triggered by acute kidney injury (AKI).

Swinging heart caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Pericardial disease is a common complication of solid tumors and occasionally seen in hematologic malignancies. Pericardial effusion, when it occurs, is usually caused by tumor seeding of the pericardium leading to a serous effusion or by mass effect from mediastinal lymphadenopathy blocking drainage of lymphatic ducts. Pericardial disease from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is uncommon and malignant pericardial effusion is even rarer. Here we present a case of a 31-year-old male with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who developed cardiac tamponade from a malignant pericardial effusion.

Infección urinaria alta comunitaria por E. coli resistente a ciprofloxacino: características asociadas en pacientes de un hospital nacional en Perú / Ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli community-acquired upper urinary tract infection: associated characteristics in patients of a national hospital in Peru

Las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son un problema común de salud. En Perú se ha encontrado resistencia de Escherichia coli a ciprofloxacino entre 31 por ciento y 69,8 por ciento. Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia y características asociadas a infección urinaria alta comunitaria (ITUc) por E. coli resistente a ciprofloxacino. Diseño. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Departamento de Emergencia del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Pacientes con diagnóstico de ITUc en el 2010. Intervenciones.Se revisó la historia clínica de pacientes con urocultivos positivos a E. coli, con diagnóstico de ITUc confirmado. Se realizó análisis descriptivo (media, frecuencia) y análisis bivariado (chi cuadrado, prueba de Fisher), con p significativo <0,05. Principales medidas de resultados. Variables sociodemográficas, presentación clínica, comorbilidades y resistencia a otros antibióticos. Resultados. Se incluyó 81 pacientes, con edad media de 65 años (±17,4); 57 (70,4 por ciento) pacientes presentaron E. coli con resistencia a ciprofloxacino, que estuvo asociada (p<0,05) a resistencia a cotrimoxazol, cefalosporinas, aminoglicósidos y a la producción de beta-lactamasa de espectro extendido. En pacientes con E. coli resistente a ciprofloxacino fue más frecuente (p>0,05) el uso antibiótico previo de cefalosporinas y quinolonas, y comorbilidades neurológicas, gastrointestinales y renales. Conclusiones. La resistencia de E. coli a ciprofloxacino en ITUc fue más frecuente comparada con estudios previos, asociada con resistencias a cotrimoxazol, cefalosporinas, aminoglicósidos y producción de BLEE...

Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent a common health problem. In Peru Escherichia coli resistance rates to ciprofloxacin vary from 31 per cent to 69.8 per cent. Objectives. To determine the frequency and characteristics associated with community-acquired ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli upper urinary tract infection (cUTI). Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Emergency Department, Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital, Lima, Peru. Participants. Patients diagnosed with cUTI in 2010. Interventions. Medical records of patients with cUTI and urine cultures positive for E. coli were reviewed. Descriptive analysis (mean, frequency) and bivariate analysis (chi-square test or Fisher test) were used with p<0.05 significance. Main outcomes measures. Sociodemographic variables, clinical presentation, comorbidities and resistance to other antibiotics. Results. Eighty-one patients with cUTI were included, mean age 65 (± 17.4) years; 57 (70.4 per cent) patients had ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli infection associated (p<0.05) with resistance to cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. In these patients prior use of cephalosporins and quinolones was more frequent (p>0.05) as well as neurological, gastrointestinal and renal comorbidities. Conclusions. Community-acquired ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli upper urinary tract infection was more frequent than in previous studies and associated with resistance to cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and ESBL-producing organisms...

[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a HIV infected patient. Case report]. / Leishmaniasis mucocutánea en un paciente con infección por VIH.

INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is an endemic Andean vector-borne- tropical disease in Peru, whose mucocutaneous clinical presentation is rare. Leishmaniasis can occur in co-infections with HTLV-1 virus and HIV. We describe a case of L. mucocutaneous in a patient infected with HIV, with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis with inadequate treatment 20 years ago. He was treated with stibogluconate with adequate response to treatment and regression of lesion after 4 weeks. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection is rare and its clinical presentation may be atypically. It is important to consider it in patients coming from endemic areas and with a history of a previous cutaneous clinical presentation.

Leishmaniasis mucocutánea en un paciente con infección por VIH: Case report / Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a HIV infected patient

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is an endemic Andean vector-borne- tropical disease in Peru, whose mucocutaneous clinical presentation is rare. Leishmaniasis can occur in co-infections with HTLV-1 virus and HIV. We describe a case of L. mucocutaneous in a patient infected with HIV, with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis with inadequate treatment 20 years ago. He was treated with stibogluconate with adequate response to treatment and regression of lesion after 4 weeks. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection is rare and its clinical presentation may be atypically. It is important to consider it in patients coming from endemic areas and with a history of a previous cutaneous clinical presentation.

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad metaxénica andino-tropical, considerada endémica en Perú. Su forma mucocutánea es poco frecuente. Puede presentarse en coinfección con los virus HTLV-1 y VIH. Se describe un caso de leishmaniasis mucocutánea en un paciente infectado con VIH, con antecedente de leishmaniasis cutánea con tratamiento incompleto 20 años atrás. Es tratado con estibogluconato sódico por 30 días, con adecuada respuesta y regresión de la lesión a las cuatro semanas. La coinfección de leishmaniasis mucocutánea y VIH no es frecuente. Las manifestaciones de leishmaniasis pueden no presentarse de forma típica en pacientes con VIH. Se debe considerar la procedencia de la zona endémica y/o el antecedente de haber presentado la forma cutánea previamente.

Incidencia y factores asociados en la recurrencia de sangrado ulceroso post inyectoterapia con adrenalina / Incidence and associated factors in ulcer bleeding recurrence post inyectotherapy with adrenalin

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y los factores asociados en la recurrencia de sangrado post terapia endoscópica con inyección de adrenalina en pacientes con sangrado ulceroso de un hospital de referencia nacional. Materiales y Métodos: Diseño analítico longitudinal. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de Hemorragia Digestiva Alta y con tratamiento endoscópico de inyección con adrenalina entre el 2005 y 2011 en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Perú. Se midieron las variables resangrado ulceroso, factores de riesgo pre-endoscópicos y endoscópicos. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis bivariado (X2, Test exacto de Fisher y RR) y a un análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 111 pacientes. La incidencia de resangrado fue de 20,7%. El análisis multivariado reveló que el sangrado activo (p=0,002) y el uso de anticoagulantes (p=0,035) fueron variables asociadas con resangrado. Conclusión: La incidencia de resangrado fue de 20,7% y los factores asociados fueron Sangrado Activo y el uso de anticoagulantes.

Aim: to determine the incidence and associated factors with Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding after injection therapy with adrenaline in a general hospital. Methods: Study design: longitudinal and analytic. Clinical records of patients with Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding who received injection therapy with adrenalin during 2005 and 2011 in Daniel Alcides Carrion Hospital, Peru were reviewed. Rebleeding and pre-endoscopic and endoscopic associated factors were sought. A bivariate (Chi Square, Fisher Exact test and RR) and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: A total of 111 patients were included. Rebleeding rate was 20.7%. Multivariate analysis showed active bleeding (p=0.002) and anticoagulant drugs (p=0.035) were associated with rebleeding. Conclusion: Rebleeding rate was 20,7% and active bleeding as well as anticoagulant drugs use were associated factors.

[Incidence and associated factors in ulcer bleeding recurrence post inyectotherapy with adrenaline]. / Incidencia y factores asociados en la recurrencia de sangrado ulceroso post inyectoterapia con adrenalina.

AIM: To determine the incidence and associated factors with upper gastrointestinal bleeding after injection therapy with adrenaline in a general hospital. STUDY DESIGN: longitudinal and analytic. Clinical records of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who received injection therapy with adrenalin during 2005 and 2011 in Daniel Alcides Carrion Hospital, Peru were reviewed. Rebleeding and pre-endoscopic and endoscopic associated factors were sought. A bivariate (Chi Square, Fisher Exact test and RR) and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients were included. Rebleeding rate was 20.7%. Multivariate analysis showed active bleeding (p=0.002) and anticoagulant drugs (p=0.035) were associated with rebleeding. CONCLUSION: Rebleeding rate was 20.7% and active bleeding as well as anticoagulant drugs use were associated factors.

Reimplante dentocoronario / Dentocoronal reiplantation

Se informa que los tratamientos de las fracturas coronarias de dientes permanentes en niños revisten gran importancia por la frecuencia con que se presentan las mismas. Se destaca que en los casos de fracturas coronarias, cuando los fragmentos movilizados se conservan, éstos pueden ser reimplantados. Se describe la técnica de 2 reimplantes dentocoronarios, en la que se logró la unión del fragmento coronario movilizado al tejido remanente de la corona del diente, lo que permite restablecer la función y la estética en forma satisfactoria