A cross-sectional case-control study on the structural connectome in recovered hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

COVID-19 can induce neurological sequelae, negatively affecting the quality of life. Unravelling this illness's impact on structural brain connectivity, white-matter microstructure (WMM), and cognitive performance may help elucidate its implications. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate differences in these factors between former hospitalised COVID-19 patients (COV) and healthy controls. Group differences in structural brain connectivity were explored using Welch-two sample t-tests and two-sample Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariate linear models were constructed (one per region) to examine fixel-based group differences. Differences in cognitive performance between groups were investigated using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. Possible effects of bundle-specific FD measures on cognitive performance were explored using a two-group path model. No differences in whole-brain structural organisation were found. Bundle-specific metrics showed reduced fiber density (p = 0.012, Hedges' g = 0.884) and fiber density cross-section (p = 0.007, Hedges' g = 0.945) in the motor segment of the corpus callosum in COV compared to healthy controls. Cognitive performance on the motor praxis and digit symbol substitution tests was worse in COV than healthy controls (p < 0.001, r = 0.688; p = 0.013, r = 422, respectively). Associations between the cognitive performance and bundle-specific FD measures differed significantly between groups. WMM and cognitive performance differences were observed between COV and healthy controls.

Acute interstitial nephritis manifesting as a persistent nephogram.

We report a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with high inflammatory parameters and acute renal failure. Marked enlarged kidneys with persistent nephrogram were found on contrast-enhanced computed tomography . Renal biopsy showed acute interstitial nephritis. Acute interstitial nephritis must be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a persistent nephrogram.

Spontaneous pneumocephalus secondary to a cerebrospinal fluid fistula demonstrated by CT cisternography.

We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented to our emergency department with increasing headache in a nontraumatic setting. The presence of intracranial air was an unexpected finding on nonenhanced computed tomography (CT). CT and magnetic resonance imaging could not identify the origin of the bone defect responsible for pneumocephalus. CT cisternography was able to demonstrate the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula resulting in pneumocephalus. This case highlights the role of CT cisternography to identify and localize small osseous defects and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas when CT and magnetic resonance imaging findings are normal.