RESUMO
The FOXG1 syndrome is emerging as a relative new entity in paediatric neurology. We report a boy with acquired microcephaly, mental retardation and a thin genu of the corpus callosum. The combination of these findings led to mutation analysis of FOXG1. The patient was found to be heterozygous for a novel mutation in FOXG1, c.506dup (p.Lys170GInfsX285), which occurred de novo. This frameshift mutation disturbs the three functional domains of the FOXG1 gene. Hypo- or agenesis of the anterior corpus callosum in combination with acquired microcephaly and neurologic impairment can be an important clue for identifying patients with a mutation in FOXG1.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/patologia , Craniossinostoses/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Microcefalia/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Mutação Puntual/genética , Síndrome de Rett/genética , Corpo Caloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Craniossinostoses/complicações , Craniossinostoses/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Microcefalia/complicações , Microcefalia/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Rett/complicações , Síndrome de Rett/diagnósticoRESUMO
High sensitivity (94%) and specificity (100%) have been reported in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted MR images and low apparent diffusion coefficient values (similar to the findings in acute cerebral infarction) were reported in such diverse conditions as hemorrhage, abscess, lymphoma, and even Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The differential diagnosis of these conditions (eg, acute ischemic infarction and acute cerebral hemorrhage) is critical for the determination of appropriate treatment. The authors present a systematic review of bright lesions on diffusion-weighted MR images and their differential diagnosis, with emphasis on the practical and clinical approaches of differential diagnosis.