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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 737: 140291, 2020 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32783865

RESUMO

This paper presents information on the concentration of radioactivity and chemicals at 12 water stations that used groundwater as their raw water supply source. The groundwater's radioactivity was higher than the treated, tap, and surface water, but lower than the national and international recommendations. At five stations (41.7%), the gross alpha contents were higher than the levels advised by Vietnam's regulations, but met the WHO and IAEA's recommendations. The mean activity (Bq L-1) gross alpha, gross beta, Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228 were 0.093 ± 0.012, 0.221 ± 0.020, 0.031 ± 0.004, 0.028 ± 0.004, and 0.035 ± 0.001, respectively. The contribution of Ra-226 to the gross alpha was in a range of 23%-60% (r = 0.91, p value <0.001), and the ratio of Ra-226/Ra-228 ranged from 0.49-1.06. For the treated and tap water, each age groups' annual committed effective dose was lower than the international regulations. The concentration of the total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, sodium, barium, and manganese met the national regulations. However, during the rainy season, the surface water in the area was affected by saltwater intrusion, with salinity up to 4.1‰. Discriminant analysis was applied to study the differences among the water groups. As a result, the treated and tap water were separated from the others.


Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação , Radioatividade , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Saúde Pública , Vietnã , Abastecimento de Água
2.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 81: 114-8, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23582499

RESUMO

In this work, PENELOPE2008 and MCNP5 software packages were used to investigate the effect of simulation parameters such as cut-off energy of photons and electrons on the detector response function and peak escape intensity to assess their influence on the efficiency determination. The results showed a general agreement between the two codes, however both the intensity of escape peaks and total efficiency computed with PENELOPE2008 are higher than those obtained with MCNP5. Moreover, the calculated efficiencies are typically 8% higher than what is experimentally found in the low energy range. Further investigation was required to obtain better agreement and lead to better estimate of the real germanium crystal dimensions and dead layer.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Artefatos , Radiação Cósmica , Modelos Estatísticos , Método de Monte Carlo , Software , Espectrometria gama/instrumentação , Simulação por Computador , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Doses de Radiação
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