RESUMO
Local use of practice guidelines requires paying close attention to the concerns of the patient within the framework of society, to the professional and educational needs of the provider, and to the realities of cost. One Veterans Affairs facility took the challenge of balancing these factors and developed their own algorithms for three cardiovascular disorders.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Assistência Ambulatorial/normas , Angina Pectoris/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais de Veteranos/normas , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico , Angina Pectoris/etiologia , Angina Pectoris/mortalidade , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/economia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/economia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos de Medicamentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/mortalidade , OhioRESUMO
We studied postsynaptic manifestations of adrenergic supersensitivity in the canine left ventricle (LV) regionally denervated by phenol in 14 dogs. Measurements were performed from 17 to 23 days later under alpha-chloralose anesthesia after sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. After the sternum was split, multipolar pacing and recording electrodes were placed in both innervated and denervated LV. With isoproterenol infusion at 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/min, there was no change in activation times or pacing threshold. However, supersensitivity was manifested by a parallel left shift in the isoproterenol dose to effective refractory period (ERP) response curve (greater than or equal to 5.7 ms) in the denervated endocardium and epicardium compared with the respective innervated LV (P less than 0.05). In addition, local repolarization in the denervated area shortened more than the innervated area with isoproterenol infusion and correlated (r = 0.56) with the change in ERP. Postsynaptic supersensitivity of Purkinje to isoproterenol was also manifested by a parallel left shift (greater than or equal to 10 ms) in the dose to relative refractory period response curve in the denervated compared with the innervated area (P less than 0.05). In addition, a greater prolongation of Purkinje refractoriness was observed with phenylephrine only at 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. We conclude that postsynaptic supersensitivity occurred with the beta-agonist isoproterenol in both muscle and Purkinje. However, only Purkinje in the denervated area demonstrated an enhanced response to the alpha-agonist phenylephrine.
