Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: A Diagnostic Conundrum.

A splenic lesion often represents a diagnostic challenge due to relative scarcity and the broad differential diagnosis. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen is usually encountered only incidentally. Although benign, patients with SANT often receive splenectomy, due to its rarity, diagnostic uncertainty and sometimes intimidating imaging morphology and size. Imaging features on computed tomography, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography have a high diagnostic value for SANT and help differentiate this entity from other splenic lesions. When the imaging parameters are matched with core needle biopsy tissue analysis, further watchful waiting can be recommended in order to avoid splenectomy.

Fibrous Dysplasia, Paget's Disease of Bone, and Other Uncommon Sclerotic Bone Lesions of the Craniofacial Bones.

Imaging studies of the brain, head and neck, sinuses, and dental computed tomography are among the most frequently performed procedures in radiologic departments. Systematic evaluation in the bone window may reveal common and uncommon sclerotic osseous abnormalities of the craniofacial skeleton.Most of these findings are incidental and unrelated to the initial clinical indications. Sporadically symptoms may arise due to lesional mass effect with compression on adjacent structures and neuroforaminal encroachment, resulting in proptosis, vision, or hearing loss. Other symptoms include craniofacial deformity, mandibular occlusion deformity, and local pain.This article reviews the most common disorders characterized by an increased bone density involving the craniofacial bones including fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease of bone, meningioma with associated hyperostosis, and osteoma. Finally, typical examples of rarer sclerosing bone dysplasias are discussed as well.Emphasis is placed on imaging features and the differential diagnosis.

Occipital Hemangiopericytoma 10 Years after Initial Manifestation.

Teaching Point: Cranial hemangiopericytoma is a rare neoplasm that can be differentiated from meningioma on imaging by its lobulated, mushrooming contours and adjacent osteolysis rather than hyperostosis.

Subperiosteal Orbital Hematoma: Imaging Findings of a Rare Complication of Sickle Cell Disease: Subperiosteal orbital hematoma is a rare entity mainly seen in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and occurs secondary to local vascular disturbances following facial bone infarction.

Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy. Homozygous patients are prone to vaso-occlusive crises. A 19-year-old male patient with the homozygous sickle cell trait was admitted to the hospital due to a sickle cell crisis. During his admission he developed a left periorbital edema. The diagnosis of a subperiosteal orbital hematoma (SOH) was made by CT and MRI imaging. SOH is a rare complication of a VOC. The clinical course is mostly self-resolving, with some cases reporting the need for surgical decompression when orbital compression syndrome is clinically diagnosed. Differentiation between infection on imaging is necessary for further treatment.

De Novo Myeloid Sarcoma as a Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extremely rare disease, closely correlated to Acute Myeloid Leukamia (AML) and presenting as a tumoral lesion in potentially any anatomic location. It is seen either concomitant with AML, during remission, or more seldom, prior to any detectable haematological abnormality. While MS remains a difficult diagnosis, this rare tumor must be included in the differential diagnosis of atypical, local obstructive abdominal processes, especially when coinciding with a myeloproliferative disorder. We present a case report of an otherwise healthy young patient with small bowel obstruction due to an invasive ileal mass, histologically diagnosed as a myeloid sarcoma.