RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Do monochorionic (MC) and/or dichorionic (DC) twins show allometric scaling between placental and birth weight (PW, BW)? METHODS: We extracted BW, PW, gestational age (GA) and cord insertion type from 52 MC to 310 DC twins to calculate ß. DC twins were analyzed as summed and as individuals if placentas were separate. RESULTS: Mean ß for MC (0.78 ± 0.02), DC summed (0.78 ± 0.02), and DC with separate placentas (0.77 ± 0.03 and 0.76 ± 0.04) all non-significant. GA, summed BWs, total PW, BW discordance, and cord insertion sites did not differ between twin types or with ß. CONCLUSION: MC and DC twins show allometric scaling similar to singletons.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Placenta/anatomia & histologia , Gravidez de Gêmeos/metabolismo , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/metabolismo , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/patologia , Peso Fetal/fisiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Tamanho do Órgão , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/patologia , Gravidez , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
Murine MARCO has been identified recently in subsets of macrophages located in the peritoneum, marginal zone of the spleen, and the medullary cord of lymph nodes, where it has been proposed that it serves as a bacteria-binding receptor. A scavenger receptor family member with an extended collagenous domain, murine MARCO has also been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions of susceptible mice. We report here the identification, tissue and chromosomal localization, and pharmacological characterization of human (h)MARCO. hMARCO was identified from a macrophage cDNA library by electronic screening with the murine MARCO sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that the full-length hMARCO clone encoded a 519-amino acid protein sharing 68.5% identity with murine MARCO. RNA blot analysis indicated that the hMARCO transcript is 2.0 kb in length and is predominantly expressed in human lung, liver, and lymph nodes. Radiation hybrid mapping localized hMARCO to chromosome 2q14. Ligand-binding studies of COS cells expressing hMARCO demonstrated significant specific binding of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the hMARCO receptor expressed in COS cells did not specifically bind the scavenger receptor ligand acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), despite its similarity to the elongated collagen-like binding domain of the macrophage scavenger receptor. In addition, acetylated (Ac)LDL and oxidized (Ox)LDL did not inhibit E. coli binding to hMARCO. These data suggest that hMARCO may play an important role in host defense, but it has no obvious role in the accumulation of modified lipoproteins during atherogenesis.
Assuntos
Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana , Sequência de Bases , Células COS , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Primers do DNA/genética , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade da Espécie , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Determination of the number of patients served by a family practice is important for health services delivery and research. A sound estimate of the practice population should enhance the patient management responsibilities of the family physician. This methodology uses the Age/Sex Register to provide a series of estimations of a "teaching" unit population. Results of a sample survey indicate that 21.3% of "inactive patients" (those who have not received services from the practice in two years) still consider themselves under the care of the practice. Replication of this approach is suggested for other practices to improve planning and resource allocation.
