The more you look, the more you find: challenging results on FDG-PET CT in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I.

BACKGROUND: FDG-PET/CT is part of the standard diagnostic management of a patients with a large variety of common and less common malignant tumors, based on the increased glucose metabolism within tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: A hybrid fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was performed in a neurofibromatosis patient to rule out relapse of malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumor. The scan revealed non-malignant neurofibromas, a testis seminoma and hypermetabolic syphilitic granulomata. CONCLUSION: This case stresses the need to rule out infectious diseases when atypical hypermetabolic lesions are present.