RESUMO
Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) provides measurements of flow speed, temperature, and density of ions or neutrals in a plasma. Traditionally, a LIF measurement requires two ports on a plasma device; one for laser injection and one for emission collection. Proper alignment of LIF optics is time consuming and sensitive to mechanical vibration. We describe a confocal configuration for LIF that requires a single port and requires no alignment. The measurement location is scanned radially by physically moving the entire optical structure. Confocal LIF measurements are compared to traditional LIF measurements over the same radial range.
RESUMO
The vortex veins are significant ophthalmoscopic landmarks in the peripheral fundus. Their position provides a consistent vantage point for the clinician to use for orientation in performing binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Rarely, vortex veins may be affected by disease.
