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1.
Rev. méd. Hosp. José Carrasco Arteaga ; 12(1): 38-45, 30-03-2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178302

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sobrepeso constituye un problema mundial de salud pública y está asociado a factores que pueden ser modificables. La población de universitarios no está exenta de su in-fluencia y su prevalencia está en aumento por lo que es un asunto de interés creciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia e identificar los factores asociados al sobrepeso en estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Cuenca. MATERIALES y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de diseño transversal, se incluyó en la muestra 250 estudiantes, seleccionados aleatoriamente del registro del período lectivo 2016. Se analizó: edad, sexo, estado civil y residencia. Para determinar el sobrepeso se utilizó el Índice de Masa Corporal y se identificó los factores: estilo de vida mediante FANTASTIC, actividad física mediante IPAQ y resistencia a la insulina mediante HOMA-IR. Se determinó la prevalencia de sobrepeso y se buscó asociación entre sobrepeso y sus factores mediante RP (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La edad de la población de estudio varió de 18 a 26 años, con un promedio de 20.4 ± 1.9 años. El 70.8% estuvo entre 18 a 21 años. El 82% cursaba del 1º al 5º ciclos. Predominó el sexo femenino (55.6%), estado civil soltero (93.2%) y residencia urbana (78%). La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 26.8% (21.6 ­ 32.6), con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino y en el grupo de 18 a 21 años. Hubo asociación de sobrepeso con actividad física [RP 4.2 (IC95%: 1.1 ­ 16.4)], p = 0.010 y de sobrepeso con resistencia a la insulina [RP 3.1 (IC95%: 2.1 ­ 4.5)] p < 0.001. No hubo asociación significativa con el estilo de vida. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de sobrepeso en la población de estudio es similar a la reportada en la literatura actual. Existió asociación con sedentarismo y resistencia a la insulina, pero el estilo de vida no mostró asociación.(au)


BACKGROUND: Overweight is a global public health problem and it is associated with modifiable factors. The universitary population is not exempt from its influence and its prevalence is rising, so it is a matter of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the associated factors with overweight in undergraduate students of Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Cuenca. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional design, included 250 students, randomly selected from the 2016 school year record.We analyzed age, sex, marital status and residence. To determine overweight, we used the Body Mass Index; lifestyle was determined by FANTASTIC test, physical activity using IPAQ and insulin resistance by HOMA-IR. We determined the overweight prevalence; the association between overweight and other variables was obtained with PR (IC95%). RESUlTS: The age of the study population ranged from 18 to 26 years, with an average of 20.4 ± 1.9 years, 70.8% between the age of 18 and 21, 82% were students of first to fifth term. The female sex constituted 55.6% of the sample; most of the sample was single (93.2%) and urban residents (78%). The prevalence of overweight was 26.8% (21.6 ­ 32.6), more common in women and in students from 18 to 21 years old. There was association between overweight and physical activity [RP 4.2 (IC95%: 1.1 ­ 16.4)] (p= 0.010) and between overweight and insulin resistance [RP 3.1 (IC95%: 2.1 ­ 4.5)]( p < 0.00)1. There was no association with the lifestyle. CONClUSION: The prevalence of overweight in the population was similar to the prevalence reported in literature. There was association between overweight and sedentary lifestyle and insulin resistance, but there was not association with lifestyle.(au)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto
2.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol ; 12(1): 105-112, 2017 01 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27899416

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little published information is available about access failure in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Our objectives were to evaluate frequency, risk factors, interventions, and outcome of peritoneal dialysis access revision. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Data were derived from 824 incident and 1629 prevalent patients from 105 pediatric nephrology centers enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network Registry between 2007 and 2015. RESULTS: In total, 452 access revisions were recorded in 321 (13%) of 2453 patients over 3134 patient-years of follow-up, resulting in an overall access revision rate of 0.14 per treatment year. Among 824 incident patients, 186 (22.6%) underwent 188 access revisions over 1066 patient-years, yielding an access revision rate of 0.17 per treatment year; 83% of access revisions in incident patients were reported within the first year of peritoneal dialysis treatment. Catheter survival rates in incident patients were 84%, 80%, 77%, and 73% at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk of access revision was associated with younger age (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95; P<0.001), diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.59; P=0.02), coexisting ostomies (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.87; P=0.01), presence of swan neck tunnel with curled intraperitoneal portion (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.63; P=0.02), and high gross national income (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.19; P=0.01). Main reasons for access revisions included mechanical malfunction (60%), peritonitis (16%), exit site infection (12%), and leakage (6%). Need for access revision increased the risk of peritoneal dialysis technique failure or death (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.65; P=0.003). Access dysfunction due to mechanical causes doubled the risk of technique failure compared with infectious causes (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.30; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal dialysis catheter revisions are common in pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis and complicate provision of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Attention to potentially modifiable risk factors by pediatric nephrologists and pediatric surgeons should be encouraged.


Assuntos
Cateterismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Diálise Peritoneal/estatística & dados numéricos , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Falha de Equipamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções/complicações , Rim/anormalidades , Masculino , Estomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Peritoneal/instrumentação , Peritonite/complicações
3.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 45(1): 39-44, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24970958

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood and causes acute and chronic morbidity and long-term hypertension and chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic characteristics, infectious agents, patterns of antibiotic resistance, etiologic agent and profile of susceptibility and response to empirical treatment of UTI in a pediatric population. METHODS: This is a descriptive, retrospective study. RESULTS: Included in the study were 144 patients, 1:2.06 male to female ratio. The most common symptom was fever (79.9%) and 31.3% had a history of previous UTI. 72.0% of the patients had positive urine leukocyte count (>5 per field), urine gram was positive in 85.0% of samples and gram negative bacilli accounted for 77.8% for the total pathogens isolated. The most frequent uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our E.coli isolates had a susceptibility rate higher than 90% to most of the antibiotics used, but a resistance rate of 42.6% to TMP SMX and 45.5% to ampicillin sulbactam. 6.3% of E. coli was extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producer strains. The most frequent empirical antibiotic used was amikacin, which was used in 66.0% of the patients. 17 of 90 patients who underwent voiding cistouretrography (VCUG) had vesicoureteral reflux. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that E. coli was the most frequent pathogen of community acquired UTI. We found that E. coli and other uropathogens had a high resistance rate against TMP SMX and ampicillin sulbactam. In order to ensure a successful empirical treatment, protocols should be based on local epidemiology and susceptibility rates.


ANTECEDENTES: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una de las infecciones bacterianas más frecuentes en la infancia, se asocia con alta morbilidad aguda y de enfermedades a largo plazo como hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia renal crónica. OBJETIVO: Describir las características demográficas, agente etiológico, perfil de sensibilidad y respuesta al tratamiento empírico de una población pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU), Medellín (Colombia), entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2011. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 144 pacientes, con una relación hombre: mujer de 1:2.06. El 79.9% consultó por fiebre objetiva y el 31.3% había tenido un episodio de ITU previa. El 72.0% presentó leucocituria y el gram de gota de orina sin centrifugar fue positivo en el 86.0% (77.8% de bacilos con tinción de gram negativos). Los uropatógenos más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Escherichia coli tuvo una sensibilidad mayor al 90% para la mayoría de antibióticos, excepto en el de trimetropín sulfametoxazol, con una resistencia del 42.6% y del 45.5% a la ampicilina sulbactam. Se usó la amikacina como tratamiento empírico en el 66.0%. En 17 de 90 pacientes se encontró algún grado de reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU). CONCLUSIÓN: La elección del tratamiento empírico precoz debe basarse en el conocimiento de la epidemiología y el perfil de sensibilidad y resistencia de cada institución. En este estudio se encontró elevado porcentaje de resistencia de la E. coli y otros uropatógenos a trimetropín sulfametoxazol y ampicilina sulbactam.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia
4.
Colomb. med ; 45(1): 39-44, Jan.-Mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-712449

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood and causes acute and chronic morbidity as hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics, infectious agent, antibiotic resistance patterns and empiric therapy response of UTI in pediatric population. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study. Results: Were included 144 patients, 1:2.06 male to female ratio. The most common symptom was fever (79.9%) and 31.3% had history of previous UTI. 72.0% of the patients had positive urine leukocyte count (>5 per field), urine gram was positive in 85.0% of samples and gram negative bacilli accounted for 77.8% for the total pathogens isolated. The most frequent uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our E.coli isolates had a susceptibility rate higher than 90% to most of the antibiotics used, but a resistance rate of 42.6% to TMP SMX and 45.5% to ampicillin sulbactam. 6.3% of E. coli was extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producer strains. The most frequent empirical antibiotic used was amikacin, used in 66.0% of the patients. 17 of 90 patients who undergone voiding cistouretrography (VCUG) had vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli was the most frequent pathogen of community acquired UTI. We found that E. coli and other uropathogens had a high resistance rate against TMP SMX and ampicillin sulbactam. In order to ensure a successful empirical treatment, protocols should be based on local epidemiology and susceptibility rates.


Resumen Antecedentes: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una de las infecciones bacterianas más frecuentes en la infancia, se asocia con alta morbilidad aguda y de enfermedades a largo plazo como hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia renal crónica. Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, agente etiológico, perfil de sensibilidad y respuesta al tratamiento empírico de una población pediátrica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU), Medellín (Colombia), entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2011. Resultados: Se incluyeron 144 pacientes, con una relación hombre: mujer de 1:2.06. El 79.9% consultó por fiebre objetiva y el 31.3% había tenido un episodio de ITU previa. El 72.0% presentó leucocituria y el gram de gota de orina sin centrifugar fue positivo en el 86.0% (77.8% de bacilos con tinción de gram negativos). Los uropatógenos más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Escherichia coli tuvo una sensibilidad mayor al 90% para la mayoría de antibióticos, excepto en el de trimetropín sulfametoxazol, con una resistencia del 42.6% y del 45.5% a la ampicilina sulbactam. Se usó la amikacina como tratamiento empírico en el 66.0%. En 17 de 90 pacientes se encontró algún grado de reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU). Conclusión: La elección del tratamiento empírico precoz debe basarse en el conocimiento de la epidemiología y el perfil de sensibilidad y resistencia de cada institución. En este estudio se encontró elevado porcentaje de resistencia de la E. coli y otros uropatógenos a trimetropín sulfametoxazol y ampicilina sulbactam.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Hospitais Universitários , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia
5.
Med. U.P.B ; 28(1): 42-53, ene.-jun. 2009. Ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-589353

RESUMO

La Nefropatía diabética es una de las más graves complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes mellitus, se presenta cinco a diez años después del inicio de la enfermedad y es consecuencia de la asociación de factores tales como mal control glicémico, dislipidemia, consumo de cigarrillo, hipertensión arterial, etc; sin embargo, algunos pacientes, independientemente de presentar estos factores o no, sufrirán esta complicación. Existe evidencia en la literatura de que varios mecanismos hereditarios pueden estar implicados y numerosos genes han sido propuestos como candidatos a ser generadores de mayor susceptibilidad a Nefropatía diabética; lo que abre puertas para varias opciones de tratamiento como terapia génica. Este documento tiene como propósito hacer una revisión sobre esta patología, dada su importancia por la alta morbilidad y mortalidad en la población diabética. Hablaremos sobre su epidemiología, clínica, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento, con un mayor énfasis en los aspectos genéticos, área en la que se han abierto puertas para el desarrollo de nuevas opciones de tratamiento.


Diabetic nephropathy, is the most serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, appearing within five to ten years after the beginning of the disease. It is the consequence of the association of factors such as bad glycemic control, tobacco smoking, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, etc; nevertheless, some patients will develop such complication, regardless of whether or not they have these risk factors.. There is literature evidence supporting some mechanisms of hereditary type can be impliedand numerous genes have been proposed like candidates to generate greater susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy; what opens doors for different options from treatment, like genic therapy. the following document is prepared with the purpose of conducting a review on the entity, due to its importance by the high morbidity and mortality which it entails in the diabeticpopulation. We will speak about its epidemiology, clinic, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment, with a greater emphasis in the genetic issues, area where doors have been opened for the development of new treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Diabetes Mellitus , Dislipidemias , Hipertensão , Nefropatias
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