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1.
World J Biol Psychiatry ; 23(1): 67-77, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33949291

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study examined cognition-immune interactions, specifically executive function, working memory, peripheral levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors-1 and -2 (sTNFR1 and 2) levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients in comparison with controls. METHODS: Thirty-one BD participants and twenty-seven controls participated in the study. The neurocognitive assessment was performed through three of CogState Research BatteryTM tasks for executive function and working memory. Plasma levels of TNF-α, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were measured after overnight fasting. Sociodemographic data and symptom severity of depression and mania were assessed. RESULTS: BD presented a significantly worse performance in the working memory task (p = .005) and higher levels of TNF-α (p = .043) in comparison to controls. A trend level of significance was found for sTNFR1 between groups (p = .082). Among BD participants, there were significant correlations between sTNFR2 and neurocognitive tasks (Groton Maze Learning Task: ρ = .54, p = .002; Set-Shifting Task: ρ = .37, p = .042; and the Two-Back Task: ρ = -.49, p = .005), and between sTNFR1 and mania, depression and anxiety symptoms (respectively ρ = .37, p = .038; ρ = -.38, p = .037; and ρ = .42, p = .002). CONCLUSION: TNF-α and its receptors might be an important variable in cognitive impairment in BD. Future studies might focus on the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets for cognitive dysfunction in BD.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Função Executiva , Memória de Curto Prazo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Transtorno Bipolar/imunologia , Cognição , Humanos , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral
2.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 42(5): 519-526, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32725102

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation. METHODS: Heavy smokers were recruited from smoking cessation treatment for this 12- week randomized controlled trial. Eligible tobacco use disorder outpatients (n=34) were randomized to N-acetylcysteine or placebo plus first-line treatment. Abstinence was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (COexh). The assessment scales included the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. We also assessed anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipid profile, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R) levels 1 and 2. RESULTS: First-line treatment for smoking cessation plus adjunctive N-acetylcysteine or placebo significantly reduced COexh (p < 0.01). In the N-acetylcysteine group, no significant changes were found in nicotine withdrawal symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, or glucose compared to placebo. However, there was a significant reduction in sTNF-R2 levels between baseline and week 12 in the N-acetylcysteine group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need to associate N-acetylcysteine with first-line treatment for smoking cessation, since combined treatment may affect inflammation and metabolism components. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02420418.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Tabagismo , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Nicotina , Resultado do Tratamento
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