Detección de parásitos intestinales en agua y alimentos de Trujillo, Perú / Detection of water-borne and food-borne intestinal Parasites of Trujillo, Peru

Detectamos distintas especies de parásitos intestinales, tanto protozoos como helmintos, presentes en muestras de agua provenientes de acequias y pozos (Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium spp. y Balantidium coli), así como en alimentos crudos y cocidos (Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis., Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii y Blastocystis hominis Fasciola hepatica y Ascaris lumbricoides) recolectadas en varios distritos de la provincia de Trujillo, Perú.

We report the detection of different intestinal parasites, protozoan and helminthes, in samples of water from ditches and wells (Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium spp. y Balantidium coli), as well as in raw and cooked foods (Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis., Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii y Blastocystis hominis Fasciola hepatica y Ascaris lumbricoides) collected in several districts of the province of Trujillo, Peru.

Hallazgo de Blastocystis sp. en bivalvos del género Donax / Finding of Blastocystis sp. in bivalves of the genus Donax

Aunque es detectado generalmente en seres humanos, los microorganismos identificados como Blastocystis han sido aislados de un amplio rango de hospedadores, tales como primates, cerdos, ganado, aves, anfibios y menos frecuentemente roedores e insectos.En el presente trabajo, se describe la detección de Blastocystis sp. en bivalvos del género Donax de la costa norteña peruana. Este hallazgo amplía el espectro de hospedadores para este enteropatógeno y abre la posibilidad de considerar la posible transmisión de Blastocystis en el hombre a partir de moluscos marinos.

Although commonly detected in humans, microorganisms identified as Blastocystis have also been isolated from a wide range of animals, such as primates, pigs, cattle, birds, amphibians and, less frequently, rodents and insects. In the present paper, we describe the detection of Blastocystis sp. in bivalve mollusks of the genus Donax from the Peruvian northern coast. This finding extends the host range of this pathogen, opening the possibility of Blastocytis transmission to human beings by marine mollusks.

The triatomines of northern Peru, with emphasis on the ecology and infection by trypanosomes of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Triatominae).

Information on the distribution and synanthropic behaviour of triatomines is essential for Chagas disease vector control. This work summarises such information from northern Peru, and presents new data on Rhodnius ecuadoriensis - an important local vector infesting 10-35% of dwellings in some zones. Three species are strongly synanthropic and may be suitable targets for chemical control of domestic/peridomestic bug populations. Panstrongylus herreri, the main domestic vector in the area, is probably present in sylvatic ecotopes in the Marañón river system. R. ecuadoriensis and Triatoma dimidiata seem exclusively domestic; biogeographical and ecological data suggest they might have spread in association with humans in northern Peru. Confirmation of this hypothesis would result in a local eradication strategy being recommended. Presence of trypanosome natural infection was assessed in 257 R. ecuadoriensis; Trypanosoma rangeli was detected in 4% of bugs. Six further triatomine species are potential disease vectors in the region (T. carrioni, P. chinai, P. rufotuberculatus, P. geniculatus, R. pictipes, and R. robustus), whilst Eratyrus mucronatus, E. cuspidatus, Cavernicola pilosa, Hermanlentia matsunoi, and Belminus peruvianus have little or no epidemiological significance. A strong community-based entomological surveillance system and collaboration with Ecuadorian public health authorities and researchers are recommended.

The triatomines of northern Peru, with emphasis on the ecology and infection by Trypanosomes of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Triatominae)

Information on the distribution and synanthropic behaviour of triatomines is essential for Chagas disease vector control. This work summarises such information from northern Peru, and presents new data on Rhodnius ecuadoriensis - an important local vector infesting 10-35 percent of dwellings in some zones. Three species are strongly synanthropic and may be suitable targets for chemical control of domestic/peridomestic bug populations. Panstrongylus herreri, the main domestic vector in the area, is probably present in sylvatic ecotopes in the Marañón river system. R. ecuadoriensis and Triatoma dimidiata seem exclusively domestic; biogeographical and ecological data suggest they might have spread in association with humans in northern Peru. Confirmation of this hypothesis would result in a local eradication strategy being recommended. Presence of trypanosome natural infection was assessed in 257 R. ecuadoriensis; Trypanosoma rangeli was detected in 4 percent of bugs. Six further triatomine species are potential disease vectors in the region (T. carrioni, P. chinai, P. rufotuberculatus, P. geniculatus, R. pictipes, and R. robustus), whilst Eratyrus mucronatus, E. cuspidatus, Cavernicola pilosa, Hermanlentia matsunoi, and Belminus peruvianus have little or no epidemiological significance. A strong community-based entomological surveillance system and collaboration with Ecuadorian public health authorities and researchers are recommended

Producción de bacillus thuringiensis H-14 var. israelensis utilizando espárrago (Asparagus officinalis) y su uso potencial para el control de la malaria en la Libertad - Perú / Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 var israelensis production using asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) and its potential use for Malaria control in la Libertad - Perú

Objetivo. Estandarizar un medio de cultivo utilizando la infusión de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis) para la producción masiva de bacillus thurningiensis (Bti) H-14 bvar. israelensis y determinar el efecto biolarvicida del Bti sobre Anopheles sp en criaderos naturales del distrito Laredo durante los meses de enero a diciembre del 2000. Materiales y métodos: Se ensayaron 3 medios a base de infusión de espárragos blanco: M1: 100 mL de la infusión, pH 9; M2: 50 mL de la infusión con 50 mL de buffer fosfato, pH 7; y M3: 25 mL de la infusión con 75 mL de agua destilada, pH 9. Como control se utilizó biolarvicidad a través del LC50 y LC90. El medio de cultivo óptimo (menor LC50 y LC90) sirvió para la producción masiva del Bti, el cual se sometió a bioensayo de laboratorio y aplicaciones en criaderos naturales. La efectividad fue determinada mediante la densidad larvaria pre y post aplicación del Bti. Resultados: El medio de cultivo óptimo para la producción de Bti fue M1, mostrando alta efectividad, con 100 por ciento de mortalidad en condiciones de laboratorio y 71-97 por ciento de mortalidad en el campo a las 24 horas de exposición con 3 aplicaciones realizadas semanalmente. Conclusiones: M1 es el medio óptimo para cultivar Bti, con alta efectividad para controlar larvas de Anopheles en el laboratorio y en el campo.

Objective: To standardize a culture medium using asparagus infusion (Asparagus officinalis) for the massive production of Bacillus thurigiensis (Bti) H-14 var. israelensis and to determine Bti bio-larvicide effect upon Anopheles sp. in natural breeding sites in Laredo district from January to December, 2000. Materials and methods: Three media based on white asparagus infusion were tested: M1: 100-mL infusion, pH: 9; M 2: 50-mL infusion plus 50-mL buffer phosphate, pH: 7, and M 3: 25-mL infusion plus 75-mL distilled water, pH: 9. The standard TPH medium was used as a control. Bti production in the different culture media was assessed in order to determine the bio-larvicide effectiveness using LC50 and LC90 The optimum culture medium (lower values for LC 50 and LC90) served for Bti production, and it was evaluated in laboratory and natural breeding sites. Effectiveness was determined measuring larval density prior and after Bti application. Results: The optimum medium for Bti production was M,. It showed high effectiveness, with 100% mortality under laboratory conditions, and 71-97% mortality in the field after 24 hours of exposition with three weekly applications. Conclusions: M1 is the optimum medium for culturing Bti, with high effectiveness for controlling Anopheles larvae both under laboratory and field conditions.