RESUMO
Resumen El cáncer es una condición de programación genética anormal en la cual cambios en la secuencia genómica alteran la estructura, función y expresión de proteínas que controlan procesos celulares esenciales como el crecimiento, la proliferación, la diferenciación y la apoptosis. Investigaciones en nutrición y cáncer han analizado los efectos de determinados nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos de los alimentos en el desarrollo y evolución de diversos tipos de cáncer. El objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar, en la información científica reciente, los efectos o interacciones de los nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos de los alimentos en tejidos y/o células de cáncer humano bajo una aproximación nutrigenómica. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos, publicados entre enero de 2011 y octubre de 2012, en la base de datos Pubmed, utilizando términos MeSH y "Text Word" relevantes para el objetivo de investigación. De esta búsqueda se obtuvo un total de 250 publicaciones de los cuales se seleccionaron 33. En general, los efectos e interacciones de los nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos selectivamente inducen la muerte e inhiben el crecimiento y proliferación de las células cancerígenas; sin embargo, bajo ciertas condiciones, dichos efectos e interacciones pueden promover la carcinogénesis.
Summary Cancer is a genetic programming abnormal condition in which the change in genomic sequence may alter the structure, function and expression of proteins that control essential cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nutrition and cancer research have analyzed the effects of certain nutrients and bioactive food compounds in the development and progression of various cancers. The aim of this research was to review, in the recent scientific information, the effects or interactions of nutrients and bioactive food compounds in tissue and cells of human cancer under a nutrigenomics approach. We did a search of articles published between January 2011 and October 2012 in the Pubmed database, using MeSH terms and "Text Word" relevant to the research objective. This search yielded 250 publications which 33 were selected. In general, the effects and interactions of the nutrients and bioactive compounds selectively induce death and inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, however, under certain conditions, such effects and interactions may promote carcinogenesis.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Analysing Colombia's low birth weight pattern over a five-year period (2005 to 2009) and identifying the determinants and risk factors associated with such low birth weight rate. METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study which used the information contained in live birth certificates. Ratios were calculated for each selected variable and a multivariate logistic regression model was used for determining the associated predictors. RESULTS: The low birth weight rate was 8.6 % on average, this being higher in urban areas (8.9 %) and in the new born of mothers affiliated to the Colombian social security health insurance system's contributory regime (9.2 %). The low birth weight rate was higher in mothers lacking education (9.7 %) and those having a university or higher level of education (9.1 %). The predictors associated with the full-term newborn were caesarean delivery (OR 1.49), being female (OR 1.47), having attended less than four prenatal visits (OR 1.32), those being pregnant for the first time (OR 1.28) and being a single mother (OR 1.17). CONCLUSIONS: The low birth weight rate has increased each year and is linked to factors such as type of delivery, a child's gender, the number of prenatal visits, the number of previous live births, marital status, educational level and maternal age. These factors should form the target for Colombian public health policy and intervention.
