Caracterización óptica del Sistema Nervioso Central de Haementeria officinalis / Optical characterization of the Central Nervous System of Haementeria officinalis

Resumen: La falla en la regeneración de las neuronas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en vertebrados superiores es un problema que no se ha resuelto completamente, esto limita la rehabilitación de muchas conductas motoras después de una lesión en la médula espinal. En la regeneración neuronal intervienen múltiples factores y de estos, los que inducen el crecimiento neurítico se han estudiado para intentar favorecer la extensión y la reconexión de las neuronas lesionadas con sus blancos. La regeneración del SNC de sanguijuelas se ha estudiado intensamente porque permite abordar el problema a diferentes niveles con distintas técnicas, en este trabajo se obtuvo el espectro de absorción óptico, con espectroscopía fotoacústica (EFA), del SNC y de tejido de la sanguijuela Haementeria officinalis, con el objetivo de conocer las longitudes de onda óptimas para la irradiación posterior de células del SNC y de tejido H. officinalis. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el SNC de estos organismos absorbe en la region comprendida de 300 nm a 500 nm, y las muestras de tejido tienen un máximo de absorción óptico proximo a 300 nm, además se observaron diferencias evidentes entre los espectros de absorción ópticos del SNC con lesión y el control (sin lesión).

Abstract: The failure in the neuron regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) in higher vertebrates, is a not completely solved problem, this limits the rehabilitation of many motor conducts after an injury in the spinal cord. In neuronal regeneration multiple factors are involved, between them those that induce the neurite outgrowth which has been studied to try to encourage the extension and reconnection of the injury neurons with their blanks. The regeneration of the CNS of leeches has been intensely studied because allows to approach the problem at different levels with different techniques. In this study the optical absorption spectrum of the CNS and the tissue of the leech H. officinalis was obtained, by using photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), in order to investigate the optimal wavelenghts for later irradiation of CNS cells and tissue of H. officinalis. The results of this study show that the CNS of these organisms absorbs in the region of 300 nm to 500 nm, and the tissue samples has a maximun of optical absorption near to 300 nm, besides were observed evident differences between the optical absorption spectra of CNS with injury and the control (without injury).

Inercia terapéutica en el manejo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria / Therapeutic inertia in the management of type 2 diabetic patients in Primary Health Care

Objetivo. Valorar la inercia terapéutica (IT) en el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) respecto al control glucémico y lipídico. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 2 grupos de pacientes. Grupo 1: todos los pacientes mayores de 14 años con registro de DM2 hasta el 28-02-2013 y con la última determinación de HbA1c ≥ 8,5%. Grupo 2: todos los pacientes menores de 60 años con diagnóstico de DM2 realizado entre el 1-01-2011 y el 31-12-2012, sin complicaciones crónicas de la enfermedad y con la última determinación de HbA1c ≥ 6,5%. Resultados. Grupo 1: fueron incluidos 253 pacientes (13% de los DM2 registrados). La IT fue del 43% para la DM2, del 83% para el colesterol LDL y del 80% para los triglicéridos. La IT fue inferior (p = 0,037) en los pacientes con HbA1c ≥ 10%. La IT en el manejo del perfil lipídico no fue diferente dependiendo de los niveles de HbA1c. Grupo 2: fueron valorados todos los pacientes con DM2 (n = 53) que cumplían criterios de inclusión (2,7% de los casos de DM2 registrados). Porcentaje de visitas en las que se practicó IT: 55% para la DM2, 63% para el colesterol LDL y 64% para los triglicéridos. Se observó una mayor intensificación de la terapia en pacientes con HbA1c > 7,5% en 3 de las 5 visitas realizadas. Conclusiones. En ambos grupos la IT fue elevada, existiendo un infrarregistro de los motivos de la misma. Es importante mejorar la actitud y las condiciones laborales de los profesionales que atienden a la población diabética (AU)

Objective. To assess therapeutic inertia (TI) in the management of type 2 diabetic patients (DM2), as regards glycemic and lipid control. Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were studied. Group 1: All the patients were older than 14 years, diagnosed with DM2 up to 28th February 2013, and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 8.5%. Group 2: All patients, under 60 years old, diagnosed with DM2 between the 1st January 2011 and the 31st December 2012, with no chronic complications and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 6.5%. Results. Group 1: 253 patients were included (13% of DM2 diagnosed). TI was 43% for DM2, 83% for LDL cholesterol, and 80% for triglycerides. TI was lower (P = .037) in patients with HbA1c ≥ 10%. There was no difference in TI as regards the management of lipid profile depending on the HbA1c levels. Group 2: All DM2 patients (n = 53) who met inclusion criteria were assessed (2.7% of DM2 diagnosed). Percentage of visits of those patients that had TI: 55% for DM2, 63% for LDL cholesterol and 64% for triglycerides. A more intense therapy was observed in patients with HbA1c > 7.5% in 3 of the 5 visits made. Conclusions. TI in both groups was high and there is a lack of recording the reasons for this. It is important to improve the attitude of the professionals who care for the diabetic population (AU)

[Therapeutic inertia in the management of type 2 diabetic patients in Primary Health Care]. / Inercia terapéutica en el manejo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To assess therapeutic inertia (TI) in the management of type 2 diabetic patients (DM2), as regards glycemic and lipid control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were studied. Group 1: All the patients were older than 14 years, diagnosed with DM2 up to 28th February 2013, and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 8.5%. Group 2: All patients, under 60 years old, diagnosed with DM2 between the 1st January 2011 and the 31st December 2012, with no chronic complications and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 6.5%. RESULTS: Group 1: 253 patients were included (13% of DM2 diagnosed). TI was 43% for DM2, 83% for LDL cholesterol, and 80% for triglycerides. TI was lower (P=.037) in patients with HbA1c ≥ 10%. There was no difference in TI as regards the management of lipid profile depending on the HbA1c levels. Group 2: All DM2 patients (n=53) who met inclusion criteria were assessed (2.7% of DM2 diagnosed). Percentage of visits of those patients that had TI: 55% for DM2, 63% for LDL cholesterol and 64% for triglycerides. A more intense therapy was observed in patients with HbA1c>7.5% in 3 of the 5 visits made. CONCLUSIONS: TI in both groups was high and there is a lack of recording the reasons for this. It is important to improve the attitude of the professionals who care for the diabetic population.