In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from canine pyoderma in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Susceptibilidade in vitro a antimicrobianos de staphylococci isolados de cães com piodermatite no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The study aimed to determine the etiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from canine pyoderma. Samples were obtained from dogs with pyoderma and isolates were identified by biochemical reactions and tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Thirty nine staphylococci isolates were obtained, and S. pseudintermedius was the most frequent (47.4 percent). All isolates showed resistance to at least one drug and 77.1 percent were multiresistant. The most effective drug was oxacillin. The study reports the alarming antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus isolated from canine pyoderma samples.

O estudo se propõe a avaliar a etiologia e a susceptibilidade de estafilococos isolados de cães com dermatite. Os isolados foram identificados por provas bioquímicas e testados quanto a sua susceptibilidade a 15 antimicrobianos. Trinta e nove isolados de Staphylococci foram obtidos, e S. pseudintermedius foi mais freqüente (47,4 por cento). Todos isolados apresentaram resistência a pelo menos uma droga e 77,1 por cento foram multirresistentes. A oxacilina foi a droga mais eficaz. O estudo demonstra níveis alarmantes de resistência antimicrobiana nos Staphylococcus de pioderma canino.

Occurrence of false-positive results in three paratuberculosis - ELISAs performed in a tuberculous herd.

The interference of bovine tuberculosis (TB) on the efficacy of paratuberculosis (PTB) diagnostic tests has been evaluated. A group of 32 tuberculous cows identified by both intradermal tests and gamma-interferon assay, 16 of them confirmed by the recovery of M.bovis from tissues, was tested by three different PTB- ELISAs, being two commercials and one in-house. The rest of the adult animals of the herds, totalizing 216 TB-negative animals, were also tested as a control group. Fecal culture for PTB was negative in all animals, but seven (21.8%) tuberculous cows produced false-positive reactions when tested by various PTB-ELISAs, leading to a misdiagnosis. Tuberculosis impairs the specificity of serological tests for paratuberculosis diagnosis and should be considered for the reliability of PTB control programs.

Urinary tract infection caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum in a male dog / Infecção do trato urinário por Corynebacterium urealyticum em um cão

Um cão adulto, com histórico de infecção do trato urinário, foi apresentado aos autores. O cão foisubmetido ao exame físico, ultrassonografia, urinálise e cistocentese para cultura bacteriológica. O exame bacteriológico evidenciou a presença de bastonetes Gram positivo em cultura pura como únicomicrorganismo isolado. Provas bioquímicas do isolado confirmaram tratar-se de Corynebacteriumurealyticum. O patógeno mostrou-se susceptível às quinolonas e aos aminoglicosideos, e resistente àmaioria das penicilinas. O tratamento com ciprofloxacina apresentou sucesso.

Identification of Leptospira spp. carriers among seroreactive goats and sheep by polymerase chain reaction.

Few studies were conducted on the diagnosis and control of small ruminants' leptospirosis. Thirteen goat herds and seven sheep flocks located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were screened for leptospirosis. From the three herds and three flocks with greatest seroreactivity by MAT (Microscopic Agglutination Test), 19 and 40 seropositive goats and sheep, respectively, were selected, and urine samples were collected for bacteriology and PCR. For both species of animals, the most prevalent reactions were due to serogroups Sejroe and Shermani. Although leptospires were observed by darkfield microscopy in eight samples, pure isolates were obtained by bacteriological culture from only two samples. However, twelve urine samples (six goats and six sheep) were positive by PCR. Based on these findings, we consider that the combined use of MAT as a screening test followed by urine PCR for the direct detection of Leptospira spp. DNA was adequate for the identification of carrier animals among goats and sheep. These are valuable tools for the control of leptospirosis in small ruminants.

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from canine pyoderma in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The study aimed to determine the etiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from canine pyoderma. Samples were obtained from dogs with pyoderma and isolates were identified by biochemical reactions and tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Thirty nine staphylococci isolates were obtained, and S. pseudintermedius was the most frequent (47.4%). All isolates showed resistance to at least one drug and 77.1% were multiresistant. The most effective drug was oxacillin. The study reports the alarming antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus isolated from canine pyoderma samples.

Detection of Leptospira spp. in semen and vaginal fluids of goats and sheep by polymerase chain reaction.

Thirteen goat herds and seven sheep flocks in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were screened for leptospirosis. From the three herds and three flocks with greatest seroreactivity, 19 goats (16 females and three bucks) and 40 sheep (26 ewes and 14 rams) that were seropositive (specific anti-Leptospira titres > or =400, based on a microscopic agglutination test), were selected for more detailed studies. From those animals, samples of vaginal fluids or semen were collected for bacteriological and molecular assays. For both species of animals, the most prevalent reactions were to serovars Hardjo, Shermani, and Grippotyphosa. Although leptospires were detected by darkfield microscopy in three vaginal fluid samples (from two goats and one ewe), pure isolates were not obtained by bacteriological culture of vaginal fluids or semen. However, seven vaginal fluid samples (from four goats and three ewes) and six semen samples (all from rams) were positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on these findings, in addition to analogous findings in cattle, we inferred that there is potential for venereal transmission of leptospirosis in small ruminants.

Leptospiral antibodies in captive lion tamarins (Leontopithecus sp) in Brazil.

Serum samples from 73 lion tamarins of three species living at the Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro were tested for antibodies against serovars of Leptospira interrogans by microscopic agglutination test. Antibodies were detected in serum samples of 15% of tested samples. Seroreactivity prevalence was lower than that described in other non-human primates and could be explained by the arboreal behaviour of these animals. Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serogroup.