[System preserving radiation safety for Moscow population].

Radiation safety system functioning on Moscow territory enables to control potential dangerous sources, opportunely reveal and liquidate accidents and pollutions, forecast degree of radiation jeopardy according to its components.

[Potentialities of preoperative chest computed tomography in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The data on 120 patients prepared for surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. Based on the results obtained after computed tomography (CT), the authors received additional information in 86 (71.7%) patients, resulting in changes in surgical tactics in 41 (34.2%) patients, delay of surgery in 33 (27.5%), and its cancellation in 12 (10%). It should be concluded that it is necessary to use chest CT in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the preoperative stage.

[The results of the manufacture of x-ray diagnostic apparatus in Russian enterprises within the framework of international contracts]. / Nekotorye itogi proizvodstva rentgenodiagnosticheskikh apparatov na rossiiskikh predpriiatiiakh v ramkakh mezhdunarodnykh kontraktov.

The paper analyzes the results of 5-year manufacture of two X-ray diagnostic apparatuses, such as a MD-PA mammograph and a CD-PA filming device, jointly with Philips Medical Systems (Germany). The characteristics of the devices used and the data on cooperation during their production are presented. The paper emphasizes that the bulk of units and parts has been designed and produced by Russian enterprises.

[Standardization of diagnostic studies in thyroid diseases]. / Standartizatsiia diagnosticheskogo issledovaniia pri zabolevaniiakh shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Standardized diagnosis of thyroid diseases includes 3 levels of diagnostic investigation proper based on the syndromic approach and distributed by 3 levels of providing medical care to population. At the 1st level of primary health care the use of "active" detectability ensures timely detection of symptomless thyroid cancer at early stages and early detection of the syndrome of its disturbance and makes it possible to start the prevention of functional and organic changes. At the second level of providing specialized medical care the role of adjuvant diagnostic methods acquires more importance (ultrasound investigations, radioimmunoassay, diagnostic puncture, thyroid lymphography) which are characterized by minimum dose formation, sufficient simplicity, reliability, low cost, a possibility to be widely employed in clinical practice, and safety. The 3rd level (scanning, endoscopy, angiography, CT, NMR) depends on the availability of expensive equipment employed in specialized clinical and diagnostic centers. The proposed algorithms of investigation can be changed in case of the appearance of new more informative and efficient diagnostic methods.

[Problems of the early diagnosis of breast cancer]. / Problemy rannei diagnostiki raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The results of medical check-ups of 17,000 females are presented. Stage I cancer of the breast was identified in 75% of the patients. Mammographic examination of this group established 64 nonpalpable carcinomas, 10 of them being preinvasive. Some criteria of forming groups at high risk for breast cancer are considered. It is stressed that despite the available range of methods of timely detection of breast cancer their integration with clinical practice is still lagging behind.