[Dermatophytes isolated in Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (Madrid, Spain).]. / Cambios epidemiológicos observados en un decenio en las dermatofitosis del hospital universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid: nuevas especies emergentes.

Over a 10 year period (January 1988 - December 1997), 3,241 dermatophyte strains were isolated from 18,465 specimens from patients in whom dermatophytosis was suspected clinically. This represents a 17.5% rate of isolation. Trichophyton rubrum (38.44%), Microsporum canis (28.75%), Epidermophyton floccosum (14.5%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13.5%) were the dominant species, and Trichophyton tonsurans (2.09%) has emerged, whilst in the previous decade it had virtually disappeared. Our study is basically based on an out-patient selected population, and tinea corporis (30.79%), followed by tinea cruris (16.69%) and tinea unguium (16.69%) were the most prevalent clinical forms.

[Microbiologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and its resistance to antibiotics]. / Diagnóstico microbiológico de Helicobacter pylori y su resistencia a los antimicrobianos.

From March 1995 to February 1996 a total of 386 gastroduodenal biopsies were processed for microbiological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori which included culture, Gram staining and urease test. For susceptibility studies to five antimicrobial agents, 35 additional gastroduodenal biopsies (n = 421) were added. There were 272 (70.4%) positive cultures, 220 (56.9%) samples with positive urase test and 244 (63.2%) with positive result in Gram-staining; both tests were statistically significant compared with culture (p < 0.05). Considering culture as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity values for the urease test were 77.0% and 92.1% and for Gram staining 86.7% and 92.9%, respectively. A total of 11 isolates were recovered from the 35 biopsies processed only for culture. Susceptibility testing of 283 isolates (272 + 11) was performed to the following antimicrobials: amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, azythromycin and tetracycline. Resistance to metronidazole was 25.4% and the corresponding values for clarithromycin and azithromycin 9.5%. No resistance to amoxicillin or tetracycline was observed. Urease test and Gram staining are two easy-to-perform tests and when taken together allow the microbiological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Culture should be performed to know the evolution of resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment of this infection.

[Gastric cancer and routine upper digestive endoscopy]. / Cáncer gástrico y endoscopia digestiva superior de rutina.

In this paper we analyzed 5,401 upper G.I. endoscopies performed in a period of 5 years (1985-89), in the Gastroenterology Service at Hospital Jesús Yerena, in Caracas, Venezuela. We found 53 cases of stomach cancer, only 2 of them were early gastric cancer. We studied personal and epidemiological data, symptoms, place of the lesion, treatment, surgical mortality, macroscopic morphology and histopathology. We discuss the results concluding that: cancer of the stomach is a prevalent disease in our Hospital; that fibrogastroscopy is a very good diagnostic procedure; that we must organize a Program of Early Detection for this disease and that we should improve the Oncological Register.

[Adenomatous polyps in colon and rectum after cholecystectomy]. / Pólipos adenomatosos en colon y recto despues de colecistectomía.

The frequency of rectal and colonic polyps was compared in 33 patients with history of cholecystectomy and 37 patients without it. The data were evaluated retrospectively from our medical bank records. We found a major incidence of adenomatous polyps in the group of patients with cholecystectomy, the same in females as in males, with a female prevalence in 2.7:1 ratio in contrast with the group without surgery, where the ratio was 1.5:1 with a male prevalence. We didn't find any association between cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer. All the patients with adenocarcinoma were in the group without cholecystectomy.

Mate drinking, alcohol, tobacco, diet, and esophageal cancer in Uruguay.

A case-control study was conducted in Uruguay to investigate the role of mate drinking, alcohol, tobacco, and certain dietary factors in the etiology of esophageal cancer. The study included 261 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 522 hospital controls matched by sex and age. A strong association with a clear dose-response relationship was observed with the amount of mate drunk daily and duration of the habit. The relative risk for those drinking over 2.5 liters of mate per day was 12.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.8-39.6) after adjusting for the effects of age, area of residence, alcohol, and tobacco. Strong associations were also observed with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking which appear to act in a multiplicative way. The relative risk for those who smoke and drink heavily compared to that of light smokers and drinkers was 22.6. The risk associated with black tobacco was about three times higher than that associated with blond tobacco. A clear protective effect was found for the consumption of fruits and vegetables but a dose-response relationship was present only for fruits. Finally, an increased risk was also found for those eating barbecued meat daily.

Cancer inflamatorio de mama. Estudio de 53 casos. Pautas de diagnostico y tratamiento. / Mammary inflammatory cancer. Study of 53 cases. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment

Se hace una breve resena historica y se define el concepto de la enfermedad. Se examinaron 1.359 canceres de mama, 53 correspondieron a cancer inflamatorio lo que da una frecuencia de 3.9%. Se hace un pormenorizado analisis de distintos parametros. Se insiste en la necesidad de una correcta evaluacion nosologica, de extension lesional (regional y a distancia). Se enfatiza la necesidad de la biopsia cutanea. Se insiste en que la utilidad de la termografia es fundamentalmente pronostica asi como el condicionamiento de una eventual cirugia. Se discute el interes de la dosificacion de receptores hormonales y tipificacion del estado inmunitario.Se establecen las pautas para un tratamiento racional de la enfermedad

Aspectos epidemiologicos del melanoma maligno en el Uruguay. Revision de 154 casos. / Epidemiologic aspects of malignant melanoma in Uruguay. Review of 154 cases

Los autores presentan un estudio retrospectivo de 154 casos de melanoma maligno cutaneo primario, con especial referencia a la localizacion. La mortalidad por melanomas en el Uruguay ha aumentado en los ultimos anos, con una tasa de 0.79 por l00.00 habitantes para 1975. La localizacion anatomica mas frecuente fue en miembros inferiores, cabeza y cuello. Existieron diferencias de sitio primario entre ambos sexos, observandose un predominio del tronco en los hombres y las piernas en mujeres. Tambien se establecio un aumento de incidencia con la edad para los de cabeza, cuella y miembros inferiores. Los de tronco predominaron en los mas jovenes. Se senala relativamente baja frecuencia en planta de pie, afectando por igual al grupo urbano y al rural, sexo masculino y femenino. Se analiza la influencia de la radiacion solar el melanoma maligno en el Uruguay comparandose con Australia, de similar latitud pero con situacion climatica diferente

Aspectos epidemiologicos del melanoma maligno en el Uruguay. Revision de 154 casos. / Epidemiologic aspects of malignant melanoma in Uruguay. Review of 154 cases

Los autores presentan un estudio retrospectivo de 154 casos de melanoma maligno cutaneo primario, con especial referencia a la localizacion. La mortalidad por melanomas en el Uruguay ha aumentado en los ultimos anos, con una tasa de 0.79 por l00.00 habitantes para 1975. La localizacion anatomica mas frecuente fue en miembros inferiores, cabeza y cuello. Existieron diferencias de sitio primario entre ambos sexos, observandose un predominio del tronco en los hombres y las piernas en mujeres. Tambien se establecio un aumento de incidencia con la edad para los de cabeza, cuella y miembros inferiores. Los de tronco predominaron en los mas jovenes. Se senala relativamente baja frecuencia en planta de pie, afectando por igual al grupo urbano y al rural, sexo masculino y femenino. Se analiza la influencia de la radiacion solar el melanoma maligno en el Uruguay comparandose con Australia, de similar latitud pero con situacion climatica diferente