Estudio sobre el uso de antibióticos en infecciones respiratorias en el Medio Penitenciario / Study of the antibiotic treatments used for respiratory infections in prison’s settings

Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de los tratamientos antibióticos prescritos en las infecciones respiratorias en el medio penitenciario, así como de los medios diagnósticos que se usan y la evolución de estas infecciones. Se solicitó a 14 médicos de distintos centros penitenciarios distribuidos por toda España y cubriendo los diversos tipos de centros existentes siguiendo el modelo de médicos centinela, que cumplimentasen una encuesta diseñada para este estudio.Los resultados indican que los grupos farmacológicos de penicilinas y macrólidos suponen el 98,5% de las prescripciones en las infecciones respiratorias de vías altas tratadas, el 84,0% de las prescripciones en infecciones de las de vías bajas y el 33,3% en las neumonías típicas. Por otra parte las pautas de prescripción se acomodan notablemente a las recomendadas por guías de prescripción de atención primaria

A descriptive study of the antibiotic treatments used for respiratory infections in prison’s settings was done. The evolution of these infections and diagnostic techniques were also investigated. 14 doctors of the same number of prisons from all over Spain aswered a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. The selection of doctors was done following the methodologyof sentinel netwoks.Our results show that peniciles and macrolids are used in 98,5% of treated high respiratory tract infections, 84% of treated low respiratory tract infections and 33,3% treated pneumonias. Finally we observed that the used of antibiotics agree with the published guidelines for primary health care

Failure of secretin to stimulate gastrin release and adenylate cyclase activity in gastrinoma in vitro.

It has been hypothesized that secretin may act directly on gastrinoma through the adenylate cyclase system to cause stimulation of gastrin release. We studied gastrinoma cells in vitro to determine whether secretin would stimulate gastrin release directly and whether the gastrinoma cell membrane had a functional secretin receptor adenylate cyclase system. Fresh tumor was prepared in cell suspensions containing 1.5 X 10(6) viable cells and incubated for 2 hours with either 2 mM CaCl2 alone (control) or 2 mM CaCL2 and 0.025 U/ml secretin. The gastrin content of the cells in each incubation chamber and the medium were determined by radioimmunoassay and results were expressed as mean gastrin pg/microgram protein +/- SD. Under basal conditions the cellular gastrin content was 39.9 +/- 6.4 (control) compared with 16.7 +/- 2.1 (secretin). After 2 hours of incubation, cellular gastrin content increased in both groups: 68.5 +/- 11.9 (control) to 68.3 +/- 5.5 (secretin). However, the percent of gastrin released into the medium during incubation decreased by one half in both groups (control 37.3% +/- 4.0% to 22.2% +/- 3.0%; secretin 42.8% +/- 7.0% to 18.9% +/- 1.8%). Adenylate cyclase activity was assessed by measuring cAMP generation in fresh-frozen gastrinoma and cultured gastrinoma cell membranes. Isoproterenol (10(-5) M), PGE1 (10(-4) M), and GppNHp (guanine nucleotide) (10(-5) M) caused fivefold to 25-fold increases in cAMP generation. Secretin did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity above basal (21.73 +/- 4.07 and 2.29 +/- 1.2 pmol cAMP/mg protein/min) for frozen and cultured gastrinoma, respectively. Secretin failed to stimulate gastrin release and adenylate cyclase in vitro. This suggests that secretin-stimulated gastrin release in vivo may not be due to a direct effect of secretin on the gastrinoma.