RESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition associated with genetic and environmental factors in which fat abnormally accumulates in the liver. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Environmental factors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet, interact with genetic factors, such as epigenetic mechanisms and polymorphisms for the genesis and development of the condition. Different genetic polymorphisms seem to be involved in this context, including variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, PEMT, and CHDH genes, playing a role in the disease's susceptibility, development, and severity. From carbohydrate intake and weight loss to omega-3 supplementation and caloric restriction, different dietary and nutritional factors appear to be involved in controlling the onset and progression of NAFLD conditions influencing metabolism, gene, and protein expression. The polygenic risk score represents a sum of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual and seems to be associated with NAFLD outcomes depending on the dietary context. Understanding the exact extent to which lifestyle interventions and genetic predispositions can play a role in the prevention and management of NAFLD can be crucial for the establishment of a personalized and integrative approach to patients.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Infant fear and anxiety are two feelings that cause stress in pediatric dental treatment. Many management techniques have been described in the literature, with the aim of controlling this anxiety and fear that are ultimately a big challenge for the dental surgeon. The aim of this study is to present a clinical case of a five-year-old child who would not cooperate with the dental treatment. To this end, an incentive chart was devised that is specific for treatment. The chart focuses on encouraging the child to comply with rules in the pediatric dentist office and, as the child completes his objectives, the chart is filled with happy faces and at the end of the appointment, depending on the outcome, the patient is rewarded with something. We concluded that the use of the incentive chart was particularly satisfactory in terms of the patient's conduct and developing maturity over the course of his dental treatment and it may be an additional option to use as an adjunct in the approach to behavior in private or public dental clinics, and even in Universities.
RESUMO O medo e ansiedade infantil são dois sentimentos que causam estresse no tratamento odontopediatrico. Muitas técnicas de condutas e manejo são descritas na literatura onde principalmente o objetivo é controlar esse comportamento acaba sendo um grande desafio para cirurgião dentista. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clinico de uma criança de 5 anos de idade que não cooperava com o tratamento odontológico por apresentar medo e ansiedade de experiências passadas. Para isso, foi elaborado um quadro de incentivo, especifico para atendimento odontológico, para ajudar a criança a perceber a sua rotina e auxiliar na introdução de atividades diárias. O uso do quadro de incentivo, foi bastante eficaz na conduta e amadurecimento do paciente durante o tratamento odontologico. O uso desse quadro acaba sendo uma alternativa a mais, a ser utilizada como abordagem de comportamento no consultório particular, público ou mesmo nas Universidades.
