Intolerância à incerteza em estudantes durante a pandemia de Covid-19: scoping review / Intolerance of uncertainty in students during the Covid-19 pandemic: scoping review / Intolerancia a la incertidumbre en los estudiantes durante la pandemia de Covid-19: scoping review

Compreende-se que o fator intolerância à incerteza é um construto que implica na dificuldade do indivíduo em lidar com contextos imprevistos. A literatura indica que a intolerância à incerteza pode apresentar impacto negativo ao bem-estar, principalmente, quando se está vivenciando um contexto inesperado, como a pandemia de COVID-19. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma sinopse sobre o que foi estudado sobre a intolerância à incerteza em estudantes do ensino superior durante o contexto de pandemia de COVID-19 por meio de uma scoping review. A coleta foi realizada nas bases de dados EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo e CINAHL com descritores em inglês. A partir da aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, realizada por dois juízes, selecionou-se um total de nove estudos. Os três tópicos principais de pesquisa dos estudos analisados foram a relação da intolerância à incerteza com (1) características envolvendo saúde mental, (2) medo, e (3) com atividades acadêmicas e aspectos de carreira. A maioria dos estudos evidenciou a falta de tolerância à incerteza como preditor para fatores prejudiciais. Além disso, verificou-se que não foram efetuadas intervenções direcionadas ao constructo nos estudos. A presente revisão destaca a habilidade de tolerar a incerteza como um componente relevante de ser avaliado em estudantes e a importância na realização de intervenções psicológicas direcionadas à intolerância à incerteza em contextos precários.

It is understood that the factor intolerance of uncertainty is a construct that implies the individual's difficulty in dealing with unforeseen contexts. The literature indicates that intolerance of uncertainty can have a negative impact on well-being, especially when experiencing an unexpected context, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this perspective, the objective of this study was to perform a synopsis on what has been studied about intolerance of uncertainty in higher education students during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a scoping review. Data collection was performed in the EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo and CINAHL databases with descriptors in English. From the application of eligibility criteria, performed by two judges, a total of nine studies were selected. The three main research topics of the studies analyzed were the relationship of intolerance of uncertainty with (1) characteristics involving mental health, (2) fear, and (3) with academic activities and career aspects. Most studies showed a lack of tolerance of uncertainty as a predictor for harmful factors. In addition, it was found that no interventions aimed at the construct were carried out in the studies. The present review highlights the ability to tolerate uncertainty as a relevant component of being evaluated in students and the importance of carrying out psychological interventions aimed at intolerance of uncertainty in precarious contexts.

Se entiende que el factor intolerancia a la incertidumbre es un constructo que implica la dificultad del individuo para enfrentarse a contextos imprevistos. La literatura indica que la intolerancia a la incertidumbre puede tener un impacto negativo en el bienestar, especialmente cuando se vive un contexto inesperado, como la pandemia de COVID-19. En esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una sinopsis de lo estudiado sobre la intolerancia a la incertidumbre en estudiantes de educación superior durante el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19 a través de una scoping review. La recolección de datos se realizó en las bases de datos EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo y CINAHL con descriptores en inglés. De la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, realizada por dos jueces, fueron seleccionados un total de nueve estudios. Los tres principales temas de investigación de los estudios analizados fueron la relación de la intolerancia a la incertidumbre con (1) características relacionadas con la salud mental, (2) el miedo y (3) con actividades académicas y aspectos profesionales. La mayoría de los estudios mostraron una falta de tolerancia a la incertidumbre como predictor de factores dañinos. Además, se constató que en los estudios no se realizaron intervenciones dirigidas al constructo. La presente revisión destaca la capacidad de tolerar la incertidumbre como componente relevante de ser evaluado en los estudiantes y la importancia de realizar intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a la intolerancia a la incertidumbre en contextos precarios.

A relação entre fobias específicas com ansiedade, impulsividade e depressão: um estudo exploratório / The relation of specific phobias with anxiety, impulsivity and depression: an exploratory study / La relación entre fobias específicas con ansiedad, impulsividad y depresión: um estudio exploratorio

Uma fobia específica é um medo irreal ou extremo de uma situação, objeto ou ambiente específico. Teorias iniciais sobre aquisição de fobias específicas favoreceram uma explicação no condicionamento do medo. Este artigo quantificou medos com um potencial ofensivo maior e menor para as espécies em uma amostra de 148 estudantes com média de idade de 21,5 anos (DP = 2,6). Além das diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as duas categorias de medo, houve uma correlação de medos de uma menor ofensa potencial para humanos com ansiedade e depressão, estresse e impulsividade. Este trabalho pode ajudar a elucidar problemas relacionados a incidência de certas fobias

A specific phobiais an unrealistic or extreme fear of a specific situation, object, or setting. Initial theories regarding the acquisition of specific phobias favored a fear conditioningbased explanation. The present article quantifi ed fears with higher and lower off ensive potential for the human species in a sample of 148 students with an average age of 21,5 years (DP = 2,6). It In addition to statistically signifi cant diff erences between the two categories of fear, there was a correlation of fears of lower off ensive potential for humans with anxiety and depression, stress and impulsivity. This work may help to elucidate issues related to the incidence of certain phobias

Una fobia específica es un miedo poco realista o extremo a una situación, objeto o entorno específico. Teorías iniciales sobre la adquisición de fobias específicas favoreció una explicación basada en el condicionamiento del miedo. El presente artículo cuantifi có los temores con un potencial ofensivo mayor y menor para la espécie en una muestra de 148 estudiantes comum a edad media de 21, 5 años (DP= 2,6). Además de las diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos categorías de miedo, hubo una correlación de los temores de un menor potencial ofensivo para los humanos con ansiedad y depresión, estrés e impulsividad. Este trabajo puede ayudar a dilucidar problemas relacionados con la incidencia de ciertas fobias

Personalidade, ansiedade social e adaptação às medidas de distanciamento durante a pandemia / Personality, social anxiety and adaptation to distancing measures during the pandemic / Personalidad, ansiedad social y adaptación a medidas de distanciamiento durante la pandemia

O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 está mudando drasticamente a vida das pessoas. O distanciamento social representa evitar o contato durante o surto de uma doença para minimizar a exposição. Essa condição também pode contribuir para o agravamento de determinados transtornos mentais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar em que medida características de personalidade e ansiedade social podem contribuir para uma maior dificuldade em lidar com o distanciamento social. Foram avaliados 1.120 indivíduos por meio da Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz (LSAS), marcadores da personalidade. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que neuroticismo, ansiedade social e as horas adicionais em casa revelaram-se preditores significativos de uma maior dificuldade. Conclui-se que o transtorno de ansiedade social apresenta especificidades em sua manifestação durante a pandemia. (AU)

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed people's lives. Social distancing means avoiding close contact with others during a contagious disease outbreak to minimize exposure. Such constraints may also contribute to the worsening of certain mental health disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the extent to which personality features and social anxiety may contribute to greater difficulties in coping with social distancing practices. A total of 1120 individuals were assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and personality mini-markers to assess personality traits. Logistic regression analysis revealed that neuroticism, social anxiety, and the number of additional hours one spends at home represent significant predictors of greater difficulty. Thus, results showed that social anxiety disorder had specific presentations during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. (AU)

El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 está cambiando drásticamente la vida de las personas. El distanciamiento social significa evitar el contacto cercano con otras personas durante el brote de una enfermedad contagiosa para minimizar la exposición. Esta condición también puede contribuir al empeoramiento de algunos trastornos mentales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar en qué medida las características de personalidad y la ansiedad social pueden contribuir a una mayor dificultad para soportar el distanciamiento social. Se evaluó un total de 1120 individuos mediante la Escala de Ansiedad Social de Liebowitz (LSAS) y marcadores reducidos para evaluar la personalidad. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que el neuroticismo, la ansiedad social y el número de horas adicionales en el hogar fueron predictores significativos de mayor dificultad. Se concluye que el trastorno de ansiedad social presenta manifestaciones específicas durante la pandemia. (AU)

Estratégias de Enfrentamento Utilizadas por Profissionais do SAMU Frente à Iminência de Morte de Pacientes / Coping Strategies Used by SAMU Professionals Face to Imminence of Patient Death / Estrategias de Enfrentamiento Utilizadas por los Profesionales de SAMU Ante la Inminencia de Muerte de Pacientes

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelos profissionais de uma equipe do SAMU (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência) frente situações de iminência de morte de pacientes, além de avaliar a correlação entre coping e ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, da qual participaram 43 profissionais do SAMU de um município no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos em enfermagem e condutores. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o DASS-21 e o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir de estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o software SPSS. Os resultados indicam que as estratégias mais utilizadas pelos profissionais são resolução de problemas, autocontrole e reavaliação positiva. Já as menos utilizadas são fuga-esquiva e confronto. Ademais, obteve-se um baixo índice de estresse, ansiedade e depressão na amostra. A correlação dos instrumentos permitiu compreender esses dados, visto que as estratégias menos utilizadas apresentaram maior correlação com estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Considera-se que os profissionais do SAMU utilizam estratégias de enfrentamento que permitem a elaboração das situações vivenciadas, o que indica a importância da valorização de potencialidades a serem desenvolvidas no serviço.

This paper aims to verify the coping strategies used by a SAMU (Emergency Mobile Care Service) team professionals face to patients' imminent death situations, as well as to evaluate the correlation between coping and anxiety, depression and stress. To this end, a quantitative research was carried out, involving 43 SAMU professionals from a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul State, including doctors, nurses, nursing technicians and drivers. Instruments used were the DASS-21 and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. Results indicate that strategies most used by professionals are problem solving, self-control and positive reevaluation. The least used are escape-avoidance and confrontation. In addition, a low rate of stress, anxiety and depression was obtained in the sample. The instruments correlation allowed us to understand these data, since the less used strategies presented a higher correlation with stress, anxiety and depression. It is considered that SAMU professionals use coping strategies that allow the elaboration of situations experienced, which indicates the importance of valuing potentialities to be developed in the service.

Este estudio tuvo por finalidad verificar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por profesionales de un equipo de SAMU (Servicio de Atendimiento Móvil de Urgencia) ante situaciones de muerte inminente de pacientes, además de evaluar correlaciones entre coping, ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, con la participación de 43 profesionales del SAMU de un municipio en el interior del estado del Rio Grande del Sur, con médicos, enfermeros, técnicos de enfermería y choferes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el DASS-21 y el Inventario de Estrategias de Coping. El análisis de los datos se realizó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, utilizando el software SPSS. Los resultados indican que las estrategias más utilizadas por los profesionales son Resolución de Problemas, Autocontrol y Reevaluación Positiva. Las menos utilizadas son Fuga-esquiva y Enfrentamiento. Además, se obtuvo un bajo índice de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. La correlación de los instrumentos permitió comprender esos datos, visto que las estrategias menos utilizadas presentaron mayor correlación con estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Se considera que los profesionales del SAMU utilizan estrategias de enfrentamiento que permiten la elaboración de situaciones vividas, indicando la importancia de la valorización de potencialidades a ser desarrolladas en el servicio.

A Three-Dimensional Lung Cell Model to Leptospira Virulence Investigations.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis and a serious public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas. The etiologic agents of leptospirosis are pathogenic spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. In severe cases, patients develop a pulmonary hemorrhage that is associated with high fatality rates. Several animal models were established for leptospirosis studies, such as rodents, dogs, and monkeys. Although useful to study the relationship among Leptospira and its hosts, the animal models still exhibit economic and ethical limitation reasons and do not fully represent the human infection. As an attempt to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical information from patients, we established a three-dimensional (3-D) human lung cell culture for Leptospira infection. We show that Leptospira is able to efficiently infect the cell lung spheroids and also to infiltrate in deeper areas of the cell aggregates. The ability to infect the 3-D lung cell aggregates was time-dependent. The 3-D spheroids infection occurred up to 120 h in studies with two serovars, Canicola and Copenhageni. We standardized the number of bacteria in the initial inoculum for infection of the spheroids and we also propose two alternative culture media conditions. This new approach was validated by assessing the expression of three genes of Leptospira related to virulence and motility. The transcripts of these genes increased in both culture conditions, however, in higher rates and earlier times in the 3-D culture. We also assessed the production of chemokines by the 3-D spheroids before and after Leptospira infection, confirming induction of two of them, mainly in the 3-D spheroids. Chemokine CCL2 was expressed only in the 3-D cell culture. Increasing of this chemokine was observed previously in infected animal models. This new approach provides an opportunity to study the interaction of Leptospira with the human lung epithelium in vitro.

Estresse e depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde / Stress and depression in university health students

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a associação entre o estresse e depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde. Métodos estudo transversal realizado com 792 estudantes universitários da saúde. O instrumento de pesquisa consistiu: caracterização dos estudantes; Inventário de Depressão de Beck versão II e Escala de Estresse Percebido. Empregaram-se análise de frequência absoluta e relativa, média, desvio-padrão, mediana, intervalo interquartil, e estatística analítica. Resultados observou-se associação entre a depressão e o estresse (p<0,001) bem como correlação forte entre eles (r=0,731; p<0,001). Em alto nível de estresse encontraram-se 9,5% dos estudantes e, em moderada a grave intensidade de sintomas comuns de depressão, 23,6% dos mesmos. Conclusão percebeu-se diferença nas médias entre os níveis de depressão e estresse, em que quanto maior o nível de depressão maior a média do estresse. Contribuições para a prática: o estresse está relacionado com a depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde, os quais, após a conclusão da graduação, podem entrar no mercado de trabalho já adoecidos, o que traz implicações para as relações interpessoais, saúde do trabalhador e segurança do paciente. Isso possibilita às instituições de ensino superior uma reflexão acerca da organização de práticas e políticas de intervenções para a redução do estresse e depressão entre os estudantes.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the association between stress and depression in university health students. Methods cross-sectional study conducted with 792 university health students. The research instrument consisted of characterization of the students, Beck Depression Inventory version II and the Perceived Stress Scale. Absolute and relative frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, and analytical statistics were used. Results an association between depression and stress was observed (p<0.001) as well as a strong correlation between them (r=0.731; p<0.001). In high level of stress 9.5% of the students were found and in moderate to severe intensity of common symptoms of depression, 23.6% of them. Conclusion a difference was noticed in the averages between the levels of depression and stress, in that the higher the level of depression, the higher the average stress. Contributions to practice: stress is related to depression in university health students, who, after graduation, may enter the labor market already sick, which brings implications for interpersonal relationships, worker health and patient safety. This enables higher education institutions to reflect on the organization of practices and intervention policies for the reduction of stress and depression among students.

Assassinatos em massa: uma pesquisa documental / Mass murders: a documentary research / Asesinatos en masa: una investigación documental

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as ocorrências de assassinatos em massa no Brasil e as características desses crimes na literatura internacional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa on-line com base na análise temática sobre os assassinatos em massa ocorridos no Brasil, que datam de 1999 a 2019, com um total de seis casos. Todos eles foram perpetrados por homens, com idades entre 14 e 50 anos, com características narcísicas, isolamento e alienação social segundo informações obtidas no noticiário. Os textos consultados também sugerem que os transtornos mentais podem predispor ao crime, assim como o bullying. Verificou-se também que nenhuma das notícias mencionava programas de prevenção, apenas enfatizando o crime e a comoção provocada. Sugere-se novas pesquisas sobre o assunto, notoriamente escassas no Brasil, para compreender esse fenômeno à luz da cultura do país e poder atuar preventivamente para evitar desfechos semelhantes no território brasileiro.

This study aims to analyze the occurrences of mass murders in Brazil and the characteristics of these crimes from the international literature. An online research based on thematic analysis was carried out on the mass murders that occurred in Brazil, dating from 1999 to 2019, with a total of 6 cases. All cases were perpetrated by men, aged between 14 and 50 years, with narcissistic characteristics, isolation and social alienation according to information obtained in the news. The consulted texts also suggest that mental disorders may be predisposing to crimes, as well as bullying. It was also found that none of the news mentioned prevention programs, having only emphasized the crime and the commotion caused. Further research on the subject is suggested, notoriously scarce in Brazil, to understand this phenomenon according to the country's culture, and to be able to act for a preventive level to avoid the similar outcomes in the Brazilian territory.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la ocurrencia de asesinatos masivos en Brasil y las características de estos crímenes en la literatura internacional. Se realizó una investigación en línea basada en análisis temático sobre los asesinatos masivos ocurridos en Brasil, que datan de 1999 a 2019, con un total de 6 casos. Todos los casos fueron perpetrados por hombres, de entre 14 y 50 años, con características narcisistas, aislamiento y alienación social según la información obtenida en las noticias. Los textos consultados también sugieren que los trastornos mentales pueden predisponer a los delitos, así como al acoso escolar. También se constató que ninguna de las noticias mencionaba programas de prevención, habiendo solo enfatizado el crimen y la conmoción provocada. Se sugiere profundizar la investigación sobre el tema, notoriamente escaso en Brasil, para entender este fenómeno de acuerdo con la cultura del país, y poder actuar a nivel preventivo para evitar resultados similares en el territorio brasileño.

A three-dimensional lung cell model to leptospira virulence investigations

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis and a serious public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas. The etiologic agents of leptospirosis are pathogenic spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. In severe cases, patients develop a pulmonary hemorrhage that is associated with high fatality rates. Several animal models were established for leptospirosis studies, such as rodents, dogs, and monkeys. Although useful to study the relationship among Leptospira and its hosts, the animal models still exhibit economic and ethical limitation reasons and do not fully represent the human infection. As an attempt to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical information from patients, we established a three-dimensional (3-D) human lung cell culture for Leptospira infection. We show that Leptospira is able to efficiently infect the cell lung spheroids and also to infiltrate in deeper areas of the cell aggregates. The ability to infect the 3-D lung cell aggregates was time-dependent. The 3-D spheroids infection occurred up to 120 h in studies with two serovars, Canicola and Copenhageni. We standardized the number of bacteria in the initial inoculum for infection of the spheroids and we also propose two alternative culture media conditions. This new approach was validated by assessing the expression of three genes of Leptospira related to virulence and motility. The transcripts of these genes increased in both culture conditions, however, in higher rates and earlier times in the 3-D culture. We also assessed the production of chemokines by the 3-D spheroids before and after Leptospira infection, confirming induction of two of them, mainly in the 3-D spheroids. Chemokine CCL2 was expressed only in the 3-D cell culture. Increasing of this chemokine was observed previously in infected animal models. This new approach provides an opportunity to study the interaction of Leptospira with the human lung epithelium in vitro.

Abertura à experiência e preferência em obras de arte figurativas e não figurativas / Opening to experience and preference for figurative and non-figurative works of art / Apertura a la experiencia y preferencia por obras de arte figurativas y no figurativas

A arte não representacional é outra maneira de aludir à arte abstrata, sendo um estilo no qual os objetos não se parecem com aqueles que se apresentam na natureza física concreta. No último século, foram realizadas investigações experimentais sobre estética e personalidade objetivando revelar fatores contribuintes para as diferenças quanto às preferências artísticas. Este estudo explorou as associações entre abertura à experiência e preferência por arte visual. Os participantes completaram a Escala Fatorial de Abertura e classificaram a preferência por quatro imagens diferentes correspondentes à arte representativa e não representativa. A análise estatística dos dados revelou uma correlação positiva entre o fator Fantasia e a apreciação pelas pinturas abstratas (r =.20). Não foi verificada uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre essa dimensão e a apreciação de pinturas figurativas. Embora esses achados sejam exploratórios, outras medidas mais completas relacionadas às diferenças individuais e preferências artísticas poderão ser utilizadas em novos estudos no Brasil.

Nonrepresentational art is another way to refer to abstract art elating to a style in which objects do not resemble those known in physical nature. In the last hundred years some experimental investigations of aesthetics and personality have been conducted to reveal fundamental factors which contribute to differences in artistic preference. This study explored associations among openness to experience and preference for visual art. Participants completed an Openess Fatorial Scale and provided preference ratings for different paintings corresponding to representational and nonrepresentational art. The statistical analysis of the data showed a positive correlation between the fantasy factor and appreciation for abstract paintings (r =.20). Here was no statistically significant correlation between this same dimension and the appreciation for figurative paintings. Although these findings are somewhat exploratory and more comprehensive measures of individual differences and art preferences could be employed in new studies in Brazil.

El arte no representacional es otra forma de referirse al arte abstracto que se adapta a un estilo en el que los objetos no se parecen a los que se conocen en la naturaleza física concrecta. En el siglo se han llevado a cabo investigaciones experimentales sobre estética y personalidad para revelar los factores contribuintes a las diferencias en preferencias artísticas. Los participantes completaron una Escala Fatorial de Abertura a experiencia y otorgaron calificaciones de preferencia para 4 diferentes images correspondientes al arte representativa y no representativa. El análisis estadístico de los datos mostró correlación entre el factor fantasía y y la apreciación de pinturas abstractas (r =.20). No fue verificada una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre esta dimension y la apreciación de las pinturas figurativas. Aunque estos hallazgos son exploratorios y podrían emplear medidas más completas de diferencias individuales y preferencias artísticas en nuevos estudios en Brasil.

Correlação entre suporte social percebido e conflito trabalho-família em agentes comunitários de saúde / Correlation between perceived social support and work-family conflict in community health agents / Correlación entre apoyo social percibido y conflicto trabajo-familia en ACS

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se existe correlação entre conflito trabalho-família e suporte social percebido em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Ademais, este é um estudo transversal e correlacional com delineamento quantitativo, em que foram ocupadas a Escala Multidimensional de Conflito Trabalho-Família (EMCT-F) e a Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social (2-Way SSS). Os participantes da pesquisa foram 139 ACS atuantes em quatro municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizadas a Estatística Descritiva, Estatística Paramétrica e Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados entre as correlações das escalas foram estatisticamente significativos (p<0,05) nos fatores dar suporte emocional e conflito família-trabalho, e receber suporte instrumental e conflito família trabalho. Assim, o estudo permitiu compreender melhor a relação entre as variáveis destacadas, sendo que esse entendimento poderá subsidiar intervenções baseadas na Psicologia Positiva para os ACS.(AU)

This study aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between work-family conflict and perceived social support in Community Health Agents (CHA). Moreover, this is a cross-sectional and correlational study with quantitative design, in which the Multidimensional Work-Family Conflict Scale (MWFCS) and the 2-Way Social Support Scale (2-Way SSS) were used. The participants in this study were 139 CHA workers in four municipalities in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptive Statistics, Parametric Statistics, and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the data. The results between the correlations of the scales were statistically significant (p<0.05) in the factors give emotional support and work family conflict, and receive instrumental support and work family conflict. Therefore, the study allowed us to better understand the relationship between the variables highlighted, and this understanding may support interventions based on Positive Psychology for the CHA.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si existe correlación entre conflicto trabajo-familia y apoyo social percibido en trabajadores Agentes Comunitarios de Salud. Además, este es un estudio transversal y correlacional con delineamiento cuantitativo, en que fueron empleadas la Escala Multidimensional de Conflicto Trabajo-Familia (EMCT-F) y la Escala de Percepción de Suporte Social (2-Way SSS). Los participantes de este estudio fueron 139 trabajadores que actúan como agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS) en cuatro municipios del interior de Rio Grande do Sul. Para el análisis de los datos fueron empleadas la Estadística Descriptiva, Estadística Paramétrica y Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados entre las correlaciones de las escalas fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05) en los factores dar apoyo emocional y conflicto familia trabajo y recibir apoyo instrumental y conflicto familia trabajo. Por tanto, el estudio permitió comprender mejor la relación entre las variables destacadas, siendo que ese entendimiento podrá subsidiar intervenciones basadas en la Psicología Positiva para los ACS.(AU)

A Psicologia na rede de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência conjugal: Uma revisão sistemática na América Latina / Psychology in the service network for women in situation of conjugal violence: A systematic review in Latin America

RESUMO A violência contra a mulher é considerada mundialmente como um problema de saúde pública e a América Latina tem sido apontada como a região de maior incidência deste tipo de violação. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou investigar a produção científica latino-americana sobre serviços de atendimento à mulher vítima de violência que incluam psicólogos em suas equipes. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, e Portal Capes, com os descritores "violência contra a mulher", "violência doméstica contra a mulher", "psicologia", "psicología", "violencia contra las mujeres", "violencia doméstica contra la mujer". Considerou-se apenas artigos publicados na América Latina, nos idiomas português e espanhol, durante os últimos 5 anos. No total, 10 estudos foram analisados na íntegra. Esta revisão permitiu constatar que ainda há lacunas na rede de atendimento, que dizem respeito não apenas à atuação do psicólogo, mas também às diferentes áreas que compõem as redes de acolhimento à mulher.

ABSTRACT Violence against women is considered worldwide as a public health problem and Latin America has been identified as the region with the highest incidence of this type of violation. This systematic review aims to investigate the Latin American scientific production on care services that include Psychology professionals in their teams for women who have been victims of violence. Searches were carried out in the databases of Scielo, Lilacs and Portal Capes, with the descriptions "violence against women", "domestic violence against women", "psychology", "psicología", "violencia contra las mujeres", "violencia doméstica contra la mujer". Only articles published in Latin America, in Portuguese and Spanish, in the last 5 years, have been considered. In total, 10 studies were analyzed in their entirety. This review showed that there are still gaps in the care network of these cases, which concern not only the role of the psychologist, but also the different areas that make up the networks for the support of women.

Coping e engajamento no trabalho de equipe de enfermagem hospitalar / Coping and work engagement in hospital nursing team / Coping y compromiso del trabajo en equipo de enfermería hospitalaria

Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências científicas acerca do uso de tecnologia assistiva como estratégia para a redução do estresse em cuidadores de idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, sem recortes temporal, realizada no período de abril a maio de 2020 nas bases de dados: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Scopus e Lilacs/BVS, a partir da pergunta norteadora: quais as evidências do uso da tecnologia assistiva na redução do estresse em cuidadores de idosos? Para a busca, se recorreu aos descritores controlados: "aged, anciano, idoso, caregivers, cuidadores, self-help device, dispositivos de autoayuda, equipamentos de autoajuda, occupational stress, estrés laboral e estresse ocupacional", assim como os descritores não controlados e palavras-chave. Já para a extração dos dados, utilizou-se um instrumento validado e a análise descritiva. Resultados: Encontraram-se 138 artigos, sendo inclusos cinco no presente estudo. Os artigos selecionados abordam o uso das tecnologias assistivas por idosos dependentes, como redução do estresse dos seus cuidadores. São utilizados dois tipos de tecnologias assistiva, simples e complexas, a saber: bengalas, andadores, cadeiras de rodas, barras de apoio, assentos sanitários elevados, bancos de banho, robôs, programa safe home, auxiliares de memória, dispositivos de rastreamento e software de vigilância autônoma. Conclusão: As tecnologias assistivas melhoram o estresse associado à sobrecarga dos cuidadores de idosos, possibilitam melhoria para a qualidade de vida, a redução das tensões, do estresse e das frustrações.

Objective: To synthesize the scientific evidence on the use of assistive technology as a strategy to reduce stress in caregiversof older adults. Methods: This is an integrative review, with no time frame, conducted from April to May 2020 in the databases: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Scopus and Lilacs/VHL, based on the research question: what is the evidence onthe use of assistive technologies in reducing stress in caregivers of older adults? For the search, controlled descriptors "aged, anciano, idoso, caregivers, cuidadores, self-help device, dispositivos de autoayuda, equipamentos de autoajuda, occupational stress, estrés laboral and estresse ocupacional" and uncontrolled descriptors and keywords were used. For data extraction, a validated instrument and descriptive analysis were used. Results: Searches yielded 138 articles, five of which were included in this study. The selected articles address the use of assistive technology by dependent older adults to reduce the stress of their caregivers. Two types of assistive technologies are used, simple and complex ones, namely canes, walkers, wheelchairs, support rails, raised toilet seats, bath seats, robots, safe home program, memory aids, tracking devices and autonomous surveillance software. Conclusion: Assistive technologies improve stress associated with the work overload of caregivers of older adults, enabling improvement in quality of life, reducing tensions, stress and frustration.

Objetivo: Sintetizar las evidencias científicas sobre el uso de la tecnología asistiva como estrategia para la reducción del estrés de cuidadores de mayores. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa, sin recortes temporales realizada en el periodo entre abril y mayo de 2020 en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Scopus y Lilacs/BVS, a partir de la pregunta norteadora: ¿Cuáles son las evidencias del uso de la tecnología asistiva para la reducción del estrés de cuidadores de mayores? Se ha utilizado los descriptores controlados "aged, anciano, idoso, caregivers, cuidadores, self-help device, dispositivos de autoayuda, equipamentos de autoajuda, occupational stress, estrés laboral e estresse ocupacional" para la búsqueda, asícomo los descriptores no controlados y palabras-clave. Para la extracción de los datos se ha utilizado un instrumento validado yel análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Se ha encontrado 138 artículos y se ha incluido cinco de ellos en ese estudio. Los artículos elegidos tratan del uso de la tecnología asistiva por mayores dependientes como de la reducción del estrés de sus cuidadores. Se utiliza dos tipos de tecnologías asistivas, simple y complejas que son: bastón, andadores ortopédicos, sillas de ruedas, barras de apoyo, asientos de baño elevados, banquillos para baño, robots, programa safe home, auxiliares de memoria, dispositivos de rastreo y software de vigilancia autónoma. Conclusión: Las tecnologías asistivas mejoran el estrés asociado con la sobrecarga de los cuidadores de mayores, posibilitan la mejoría de la calidad de vida, la reducción de las tensiones, del estrés y de las frustraciones.

Serological survey and DNA screening of Leptospira spp. in free-living adult tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in a forest reserve Southeast São Paulo State, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is an important anthropozoonosis. The study investigated the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and detection of Leptospira spp DNA in the urine as well as the biochemical profile in Neotropical wild primates living in a forest reserve from Southeast São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 50 adult tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Urine samples were obtained only from male primates. The screening for antibodies against Leptospira spp was evaluated by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Leptospira DNA in the urine was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) considering the target gene LipL32. Biochemical profile was evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The MAT results included 39 (78%) serum reactive animals with the proportions of 28/39 males and 11/39 females. The most frequent reactive serogroups were Icterohemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Autumnalis. All urine samples were negative for leptospiral DNA. There were no significant differences between sexes for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase values, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, glucose, and urea were significantly higher in males. CONCLUSIONS: Tufted capuchin monkeys were sera reactive against leptospirosis. Prevalence was similar for the 2 sexes. Leptospiral DNA was not detected in the urine of sera reactive primates tested by the MAT method. ALT, creatinine, glucose, and urea values were higher in male animals.

The Role of Properdin in Killing of Non-Pathogenic Leptospira biflexa.

Properdin (P) is a positive regulatory protein that stabilizes the C3 convertase and C5 convertase of the complement alternative pathway (AP). Several studies have suggested that properdin can bind directly to the surface of certain pathogens regardless of the presence of C3bBb. Saprophytic Leptospira are susceptible to complement-mediated killing, but the interaction of properdin with Leptospira spp. has not been evaluated so far. In this work, we demonstrate that properdin present in normal human serum, purified properdin, as well as properdin oligomers P2, P3, and P4, interact with Leptospira. Properdin can bind directly to the bacterial surface even in the absence of C3b. In line with our previous findings, AP activation was shown to be important for killing non-pathogenic L. biflexa, and properdin plays a key role in this process since this microorganism survives in P-depleted human serum and the addition of purified properdin to P-depleted human serum decreases the number of viable leptospires. A panel of pathogenic L.interrogans recombinant proteins was used to identify putative properdin targets. Lsa30, an outer membrane protein from L. interrogans, binds to unfractionated properdin and to a lesser extent to P2-P4 properdin oligomers. In conclusion, properdin plays an important role in limiting bacterial proliferation of non-pathogenic Leptospira species. Once bound to the leptospiral surface, this positive complement regulatory protein of the AP contributes to the formation of the C3 convertase on the leptospire surface even in the absence of prior addition of C3b.

Immunoprotective Activity Induced by Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins in Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both humans and animals. The development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis has long been pursued but without success. Humans are contaminated after direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly by contaminated water or soil. The vaccines available consist of inactivated whole-bacterial cells, and the active immunoprotective antigen is the lipopolysaccharide moiety, which is also the basis for serovar classification. However, these vaccines are short-lasting, and protection is only against serovars contained in the preparation. The search for prevalent antigens, present in pathogenic species of Leptospira, represents the most cost-effective strategy for prevention of leptospirosis. Thus, the identification of these antigens is a priority. In this study, we examined the immunoprotective effect of eight leptospiral recombinant proteins using hamster as the challenge model. Animals received subcutaneously two doses of vaccine containing 50 µg of each recombinant protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant. Two weeks after the booster, animals were challenged with virulent leptospires and monitored for 21 days. All proteins were able to induce a specific immune response, although significant protective effects on survival rate were observed only for the proteins Lsa14, rLIC13259, and rLIC11711. Of these, only rLIC13259 and rLIC11711 were found to be highly prospective in promoting renal clearance. The sterilizing potential of both proteins will be further investigated to elucidate the immunoprotective mechanisms involved in leptospirosis control. These are the first proteins involved with human complement components with the capacity to protect against virulent challenge and to eliminate the bacteria from the host.

New strategies for Leptospira vaccine development based on LPS removal.

Pathogenic spirochetes from genus Leptospira are etiologic agents of leptospirosis. Cellular vaccines against Leptospira infection often elicit mainly response against the LPS antigen of the serovars present in the formulation. There is no suitable protein candidate capable of replacing whole-cell vaccines, thus requiring new approaches on vaccine development to improve leptospirosis prevention. Our goal was to develop a whole-cell vaccine sorovar-independent based on LPS removal and conservation of protein antigens exposure, to evaluate the protective capacity of monovalent or bivalent vaccines against homologous and heterologous virulent Leptospira in hamster. Leptospire were subjected to heat inactivation, or to LPS extraction with butanol and in some cases further inactivation with formaldehyde. Hamsters were immunized and challenged with homologous or heterologous virulent serovars, blood and organs were collected from the survivors for bacterial quantification, chemokine evaluation, and analysis of sera antibody reactivity and cross-reactivity by Western blot. Immunization with either heated or low LPS vaccines with serovar Copenhageni or Canicola resulted in 100% protection of the animals challenged with homologous virulent bacteria. Notably, different from the whole-cell vaccine, the low LPS vaccines produced with serovar Canicola provided only partial protection in heterologous challenge with the virulent Copenhageni serovar. Immunization with bivalent formulation results in 100% protection of immunized animals challenged with virulent serovar Canicola. All vaccines produced were able to eliminate bacteria from the kidney of challenged animals. All the vaccines raised antibodies capable to recognize antigens of serovars not present in the vaccine formulation. Transcripts of IFNγ, CXCL16, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCR6, and CCR5, increased in all immunized animals. Conclusion: Our results showed that bivalent vaccines with reduced LPS may be an interesting strategy for protection against heterologous virulent serovars. Besides the desirable multivalent protection, the low LPS vaccines are specially promising due to the expected lower reatogenicity.

Depressive symptoms among healthcare undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the intensity of depressive symptoms and their associated factors in healthcare undergraduate students. METHOD: cross-sectional study developed with undergraduate health students from a public higher education institution using the Beck Depression Inventory-version II and a student characterization questionnaire. The study involved 792 participants. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson regression. RESULTS: the intensity of depressive symptoms was moderate to severe in 23.6% of the students, associated with the non-performance of physical and leisure activities and with speech therapy and nursing courses. CONCLUSION: several factors may be associated with depression, thus, further investigation into the related factors that cause its emergence in this period of life is necessary, as well as raising institutional awareness and developing strategies at the personal and group level to promote well-being, improve time management and interpersonal relationships, in order to achieve better academic results and personal development.

Revisão sistemática: a psicologia positiva e sua aplicação nos contextos do trabalho / Systematic review: positive psychology and its application in the contexts of work / Revisión sistemática: psicología positiva y su aplicación en los contextos del trabajo

A Psicologia Positiva propõe uma nova abordagem da Psicologia, apresenta o estudo científico das potencialidades humanas e valoriza os aspectos positivos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a produção científica na área de Psicologia Positiva e sua utilização no contexto do trabalho. O estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática dos artigos dos últimos 5 anos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pepsic e Lilacs, com os seguintes descritores: "Psicologia Positiva" e "Trabalho" no idioma português, Psicologia Positiva e trabalho no idioma inglês e Psicologia Positiva e trabalho na língua espanhola. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão, 13 artigos foram avaliados nesta revisão. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudos selecionados abordou a aplicação e o desenvolvimento de escalas que utilizam a Psicologia Positiva; a escala de Engajamento é a mais utilizada, com prevalência de 38%. Na revisão sistemática, foi possível confirmar a qualidade das escalas desenvolvidas e validadas. Conclui-se que o uso de constructos de Psicologia Positiva é relevante nos contextos de trabalho.

The positive psychology proposes a new approach to psychology, presents the scientific study of human potentialities and values personal strengths. The present study aim to investigate scientific production in the area of Positive Psychology and its use in the context of work. The study consists of a systematic review of the articles of the last 5 years in the Scielo, Pepsic and Lilacs databases, with the following descriptors: "Positive Psychology" and "Work" in the Portuguese language, positive psychology and work in the English language and positive psychology and work in the Spanish language. According to the inclusion criteria 13 articles was evaluated in this review. The results showed that the majority of the selected studies approached the application and development of scales that use the positive psychology, the compromise scale is the most used, with a prevalence of 38%. In the systematic review, it was possible to confirm the quality of the scales developed and validated. It is concluded that the use of Positive Psychology constructs is relevant in work contexts.

La Psicología Positiva propone un nuevo enfoque de la Psicología, presenta el estudio científico de las potencialidades humanas y valora las fuerzas personales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la producción científica en el área de la Psicología Positiva y su utilización en el contexto del trabajo. El estudio consiste en una revisión sistemática de los artículos de los últimos 5 años en las bases de datos Scielo, Pepsic y Lilacs, con los siguientes descriptores: "Psicología Positiva" y "Trabajo" en la lengua portuguesa, positive psychology and work en la lengua inglesa y psicología positiva y trabajo en la lengua española. Atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión, 13 artículos se evaluán en esta revisión. Os resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudios seleccionados abordaron la aplicación y lo desarrollo de escalas que utilizan los constructos de la Psicología Positiva, la escala de compromiso es la más utilizada, con una prevalencia del 38%. En la revisión sistemática, fue posible confirmar la calidad de las escalas desarrolladas y validadas. Se concluye que el uso de los constructos de Psicología Positiva es relevante en los contextos de trabajo.

Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version psychometric properties in an Item Response Theory polytomous model / Propriedades psicométricas da Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version em um modelo politômico da Teoria da Resposta ao Item

This study assessed the applicability of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version in a sample of teenagers confined in socio-educational institutions. Using an Item Response Theory approach, item properties of this instrument were reviewed using the generalized partial credit model. Eight of the original twenty items of the original instrument were discarded due to low discrimination parameters. As expected, the most discriminating items in the assessment of psychiatric traits were those which affective characteristics are more typical in the description of psychopathic traits, and their larger variability among juveniles is reflected in the checklist's answers. Item anchoring, in turn, determined five anchor levels. Conclusions based on the results are twofold: (a) a shorter version of this measure can offer the same level of information obtained from the full instrument and (b) the measure provides more information on average latent trait levels and is inadequate for clinical use.

Este estudo investigou a aplicabilidade da Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version em uma amostra de adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Com base na Teoria de Resposta ao Item, as propriedades dos itens desse instrumento foram analisadas por meio do Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado. Oito dos vinte itens do instrumento original foram eliminados devido a baixos parâmetros de discriminação. Conforme esperado, os itens mais discriminantes na avaliação psiquiátrica foram aqueles de características afetivas típicas de traços de psicopatia, assim como sua maior variação reflete-se nas respostas a tais itens. A ancoragem de itens, por sua vez, permitiu a definição de cinco níveis âncora. Os resultados sugerem duas conclusões: (a) uma versão mais curta do instrumento pode oferecer níveis de informação similares aos do teste completo e (b) o instrumento é mais informativo em níveis médios de traço latente, sendo inadequado para uso clínico.

New strategies for Leptospira vaccine development based on LPS removal

Pathogenic spirochetes from genus Leptospira are etiologic agents of leptospirosis. Cellular vaccines against Leptospira infection often elicit mainly response against the LPS antigen of the serovars present in the formulation. There is no suitable protein candidate capable of replacing whole-cell vaccines, thus requiring new approaches on vaccine development to improve leptospirosis prevention. Our goal was to develop a whole-cell vaccine sorovar-independent based on LPS removal and conservation of protein antigens exposure, to evaluate the protective capacity of monovalent or bivalent vaccines against homologous and heterologous virulent Leptospira in hamster. Leptospire were subjected to heat inactivation, or to LPS extraction with butanol and in some cases further inactivation with formaldehyde. Hamsters were immunized and challenged with homologous or heterologous virulent serovars, blood and organs were collected from the survivors for bacterial quantification, chemokine evaluation, and analysis of sera antibody reactivity and cross-reactivity by Western blot. Immunization with either heated or low LPS vaccines with serovar Copenhageni or Canicola resulted in 100% protection of the animals challenged with homologous virulent bacteria. Notably, different from the whole-cell vaccine, the low LPS vaccines produced with serovar Canicola provided only partial protection in heterologous challenge with the virulent Copenhageni serovar. Immunization with bivalent formulation results in 100% protection of immunized animals challenged with virulent serovar Canicola. All vaccines produced were able to eliminate bacteria from the kidney of challenged animals. All the vaccines raised antibodies capable to recognize antigens of serovars not present in the vaccine formulation. Transcripts of IFN?, CXCL16, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCR6, and CCR5, increased in all immunized animals. Conclusion: Our results showed that bivalent vaccines with reduced LPS may be an interesting strategy for protection against heterologous virulent serovars. Besides the desirable multivalent protection, the low LPS vaccines are specially promising due to the expected lower reatogenicity