Perfil epidemiológico dos usuários da profilaxia pós-exposição ao vírus da imunodeficência humana / Epidemiological profile of users of post-exposure prophylaxis to human immunodeficiency viruses / Perfil epidemiológico de usuarios de profilaxis post- exposición al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

A Profilaxia Pós-Exposição (PEP) ao Virus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) trata-se de uma urgência médica que deve ser realizada durante 28 dias com medicamentos específicos em indivíduos que tiveram uma exposição com materiais biológicos e situações específicas considerados de risco no intervalo de até 72 horas em indivíduos não reagentes ao vírus do HIV. Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários da PEP no município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa dos casos de pessoas residentes em Parnaíba, que utilizaram a PEP no período do estudo de 2017 a 2021 analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram registrados 202 pacientes que utilizaram a PEP. Dentre estes a maioria foram homens cis com 129 (64%), na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos foi de (49%) nos casos, a orientação sexual de héteros com (44%), a maioria dos pacientes possuíam o ensino médio (62%), a raça/cor foi maior em pardos (52%). O tipo de exposição mais ocorrente foi sexo consentido (79%), realizaram o tratamento sem intercorrência (84%) dos casos, 62% utilizaram álcool e/ou outras drogas e maioria dos pacientes (57%) referiam não conhecer a situação sorológica dos seus parceiros sexuais. Conclusão: A PEP tem sido uma das formas de prevenção combinada que minimiza as possibilidades de infecção pelo HIV. Percebeu-se que o aumento da população adulta-jovem tem buscado a prevenção, possivelmente devido as práticas consideradas de risco que apresentam maior ocorrência entre os casos.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a medical emergency that must be performed for 28 days with specific medications in individuals who have been exposed to biological materials and specific situations considered at risk in the interval up to 72 hours in HIV-negative individuals. Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of PEP users in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to the cases of people residing in Parnaíba, who used the PEP in the study period from 2017 to 2021, analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 202 patients who used PEP were registered. Among these, the majority were cis men with 129 (64%), in the age group of 30 to 59 years old (49%) in cases, the sexual orientation of heterosexuals with (44%), most patients had high school (62%), race/color was higher in pardos (52%). The most frequent type of exposure was consensual sex (79%), underwent treatment without intercurrence (84%) of cases, 62% used alcohol and/or other drugs and most patients (57%) reported not knowing the serological status of the their sexual partners. Conclusion: PEP has been one of the forms of combined prevention that minimizes the possibilities of HIV infection. It was noticed that the increase in the young adult population has sought prevention, possibly due to practices considered to be risky, with a higher occurrence among cases.

La Profilaxis Post-Exposición (PEP) al Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) es una emergencia médica que debe realizarse durante 28 días con medicamentos específicos en individuos que han estado expuestos a materiales biológicos y situaciones específicas consideradas de riesgo en el intervalo hasta 72 horas en personas VIH negativas. Objetivo: describir el perfil epidemiológico de los usuarios de PEP en la ciudad de Parnaíba, Piauí. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio transversal retrospectivo con abordaje cuantitativo de los casos de personas residentes en Parnaíba, que utilizaron el PEP en el período de estudio de 2017 a 2021, analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se registraron 202 pacientes que usaron PEP. Entre estos, la mayoría eran hombres cis con 129 (64%), en el grupo de edad de 30 a 59 años (49%) en los casos, la orientación sexual de los heterosexuales con (44%), la mayoría de los pacientes tenían estudios secundarios (62 %), raza/color fue mayor en pardos (52%). El tipo de exposición más frecuente fue sexo consentido (79%), realizó tratamiento sin intercurrencia (84%) de los casos, 62% consumía alcohol y/u otras drogas y la mayoría de los pacientes (57%) refirieron no conocer el estado serológico de sus pacientes. parejas sexuales. Conclusión: La PEP ha sido una de las formas de prevención combinada que minimiza las posibilidades de infección por el VIH. Se percibió que el aumento de la población adulta joven ha buscado la prevención, posiblemente por prácticas consideradas de riesgo, con mayor ocurrencia entre los casos.

Oral Health Care of Children and Adolescents with Different Impairments of Cerebral Palsy: Barriers and Challenges

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the barriers to access and oral health care faced by children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) according to their motor impairment through the perception of caregivers. Material and Methods: A case series study was carried out at three health institutions in Pernambuco, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 94 caregivers of 5-to-18-year-old patients with CP, according to GMFCS (The Gross Motor Function Classification System). Data were collected using a semi-structured form to evaluate the barriers to access and analyzed statistically by the chi-square and Fisher exact tests, adopting a 5% level of significance. In addition, binary logistic regression was performed to determine the weight of the variables in explaining the outcome variable. Results: There were major difficulties involving transportation (p=0.04) and structural accessibility to dental services (p<0.01) among children and adolescents with severe CP. In addition, the more severe the CP, the greater the difficulty of accessibility (OR=4.09,) and the lower the income (OR=8.80), the greater the motor impairment. Conclusion: Despite the availability of access to dental services, low-income families have more severe CP patients, contributing to the daily difficulties already faced by them in oral health care.

Aspectos clínicos e demográficos de pessoas com deficiência atendidas em uma clínica-escola de Odontologia / Clinical and demographic characteristics of people with disabilities attending a dental teaching clinic

O objetivo deste artigo foi descreveras característicasclínicase demográficasde pessoas com deficiência atendidas em uma clínica-escolade Odontologia do Nordeste brasileiro, relacionando estes perfis àsnecessidades acumuladas e aos tratamentos realizados no período de marçoa julho de 2019. Tratou-se de um estudode análise de banco de dados no qualforam avaliadosos prontuários em relação a sexo, idade, diagnóstico médico, uso de medicamentos, motivo da consulta e tratamentos realizados. Foi utilizada uma amostra deconveniência de 55 prontuários,referentes aos indivíduos em atendimento neste período.Os testes Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher foram utilizados para verificar associação entre as variáveis estudadas. Foi adotado o intervalo de confiança de 95% e a margem de erro de 5%.Verificou-se queamaioria dos pacientes erado sexo masculino(52,7%)e possuíaentre20 e59 anos(54,5%).As patologias de base de maior prevalênciaforam as doenças sistêmicas (34,5%)e deficiência intelectual (32,7%). Em relação às medicações, 80% faziamuso contínuo de algum fármaco. A respeito das consultas odontológicas, a procurade 60% da amostrafoi por motivo de dor e os procedimentos mais realizados, os restauradores (63,6%).Além disso, a estabilização física e sedação medicamentosa foram amplamente utilizadas nos pacientes com deficiência intelectual.Oatendimento odontológico incluiu pacientes com diversas necessidades especiais e, apesar da clínica-escola em questão priorizar a conduta preventiva, a maior parte dos procedimentos executados foi curativo, podendo estar relacionado com a procura tardia pelo tratamento odontológicoe dificuldades de acesso (AU).

The aim of this article was to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of people with disabilities attending a dental teaching clinic in northeastern Brazil, and to associate these profiles with the cumulative needs and treatments performed from March to July 2019. This was a database study in which sex, age, medical diagnosis, medication use, reason for consultation, and previous treatments obtained from the medical records were evaluated. A convenience sample of 55 records from patients seen during this period was used. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to evaluate the association between the variables studied, adopting a 95% confidence interval and an error margin of 5%. Most patients were male (52.7%) and were between 20 and 59 years old (54.5%). The most prevalent underlying diseases were systemic diseases (34.5%) and intellectual disability (32.7%). Regarding medications, 80% of the patients continuously used some drug. The reason for consultation was pain in 60% of the sample and restorative procedures were the most frequently performed (63.6%). Moreover, patients with intellectual disability commonly required physical restraint and sedatives. The dental consultations comprised patients with different special needs. Although the teaching clinic prioritizes preventive management, most of the procedures performed were curative, a fact that might be related to the late seeking of dental treatment and difficulties of accessing health services (AU).

Evaluation of dental trauma in inmates of the most highly populated Brazilian prison complex.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Due to the increase in incarceration rates, the prison community has attracted much concern in the recent past. Although people in prison are often socially disadvantaged and vulnerable to a range of health problems, there is a lack of information on the oral health conditions of prisoners. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey the oral problems of a sample of the male incarcerated population of Brazil, focusing on dental trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was undertaken over a three-month period in 2017. It was a cross-sectional study of 756 prisoners of the Curado Prison Complex, located in Recife, PE. Using a previously calibrated examiner, dental trauma was measured with the Andreasen index. Etiology of dental trauma and socio-demographic data were collected with questions developed for this survey. Standard descriptive statistics were used to report frequency estimates. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare groups. In addition, a binary logistic regression was performed to identify whether the studied variables could predict the occurrence of dental trauma. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental trauma in the sample was 10.8% and most of the cases (42.7%) occurred due to violent events. A higher frequency of violent etiology was observed in cases that occurred during imprisonment (p = 0.037). Individuals that suffered dental trauma during incarceration were more likely to have been incarcerated for longer periods of time (p = 0.043). The main type of injury found was enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure (68%). The most affected tooth was the upper right central incisor (40%). CONCLUSION: These results underline the high prevalence of dental trauma experienced by men in prison.

Cuidados em saúde bucal a crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: percepção de pais e cuidadores / Oral health care for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: perceptions of parents and caregivers

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar os cuidados em saúde bucal de crianças/adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) segundo a gravidade, através da percepção dos pais/cuidadores. Estudo série de casos realizado em serviços de saúde de Pernambuco com 94 mães/cuidadores de sujeitos com PC entre 5 e 18 anos. Avaliaram-se fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, cuidados em saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos (SO). O Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa mostrou 67% com comprometimento motor grave. Indivíduos com PC grave tiveram frequência significantemente maior de pertencerem a famílias com renda mais baixa (89%, p < 0,001), residirem no interior (44%, p < 0,005), terem dificuldades de transporte (60%, p = 0,04) e acessibilidade aos SO (88%, p = 0,009) e maior necessidade de higiene bucal (67%, p = 0,008) realizada pelas mães (94%, p < 0,001). Apesar das barreiras de acesso aos SO, o mesmo foi facilitado para aqueles com PC grave, com uso precoce dos SO, mas com baixa oferta de dentistas e de humanização. Esses resultados informam problemas relacionados aos cuidados diários em saúde bucal, contexto de vida das famílias, de apoio institucional e de qualidade dos SO a serem enfrentados com políticas públicas socioeconômicas e de saúde integrais inclusivas e equânimes.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the oral health care of children/adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) according to severity through the perceptions of parents/caregivers. A case series study was conducted at health services in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil with 94 mothers/caregivers of subjects with CP from 5 and 18 years old. Sociodemographic factors, oral health care and use of dental services (DS) were evaluated. The Gross Motor Function Classification System showed 67% with severe motor impairment. Subjects with severe CP had significantly higher frequencies of belonging to families with lower income (89%, p < 0.001), living in the interior (44%, p < 0.005), having transportation difficulties (60%, p = 0.04), difficulty regarding access to DS (88%, p = 0.009) and a greater need for oral hygiene (67%, p = 0.008), which was performed exclusively by the caregiver (94%, p < 0.001). Despite identified access barriers, dental care was facilitated for those with severe CP, early DS use, but low availability of dentists and low degree of humanization were cited as major problems. These results reveal problems related to daily oral health care, family living context, institutional support and quality of DS that should be addressed in comprehensive, inclusive, equitable social and economic public policies.

Oral health care for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: perceptions of parents and caregivers. / Cuidados em saúde bucal a crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: percepção de pais e cuidadores.

The aim was to evaluate the oral health care of children/adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) according to severity through the perceptions of parents/caregivers. A case series study was conducted at health services in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil with 94 mothers/caregivers of subjects with CP from 5 and 18 years old. Sociodemographic factors, oral health care and use of dental services (DS) were evaluated. The Gross Motor Function Classification System showed 67% with severe motor impairment. Subjects with severe CP had significantly higher frequencies of belonging to families with lower income (89%, p < 0.001), living in the interior (44%, p < 0.005), having transportation difficulties (60%, p = 0.04), difficulty regarding access to DS (88%, p = 0.009) and a greater need for oral hygiene (67%, p = 0.008), which was performed exclusively by the caregiver (94%, p < 0.001). Despite identified access barriers, dental care was facilitated for those with severe CP, early DS use, but low availability of dentists and low degree of humanization were cited as major problems. These results reveal problems related to daily oral health care, family living context, institutional support and quality of DS that should be addressed in comprehensive, inclusive, equitable social and economic public policies.

Objetivou-se avaliar os cuidados em saúde bucal de crianças/adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) segundo a gravidade, através da percepção dos pais/cuidadores. Estudo série de casos realizado em serviços de saúde de Pernambuco com 94 mães/cuidadores de sujeitos com PC entre 5 e 18 anos. Avaliaram-se fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, cuidados em saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos (SO). O Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa mostrou 67% com comprometimento motor grave. Indivíduos com PC grave tiveram frequência significantemente maior de pertencerem a famílias com renda mais baixa (89%, p < 0,001), residirem no interior (44%, p < 0,005), terem dificuldades de transporte (60%, p = 0,04) e acessibilidade aos SO (88%, p = 0,009) e maior necessidade de higiene bucal (67%, p = 0,008) realizada pelas mães (94%, p < 0,001). Apesar das barreiras de acesso aos SO, o mesmo foi facilitado para aqueles com PC grave, com uso precoce dos SO, mas com baixa oferta de dentistas e de humanização. Esses resultados informam problemas relacionados aos cuidados diários em saúde bucal, contexto de vida das famílias, de apoio institucional e de qualidade dos SO a serem enfrentados com políticas públicas socioeconômicas e de saúde integrais inclusivas e equânimes.

Vulnerabilidades das trabalhadoras domésticas no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil / Português

O trabalho doméstico e de cuidados pressupõe a existência de uma significativa desigualdade de renda entre quem oferece a vaga de emprego e quem a ocupa, pois a remuneração do trabalhador não é paga pelo lucro de um empreendimento, mas pela renda pessoal de uma outra pessoa física. E é nessa desigualdade que se assenta boa parte das vulnerabilidades do trabalho doméstico e de cuidados no Brasil (mas também no resto do mundo), agravadas nas condições da pandemia da Covid-19. O emprego doméstico se revela, portanto, de enorme importância não apenas para um conjunto particular de mulheres, que encontra nesta profissão uma de suas únicas alternativas de renda, mas também para a organização da sociedade brasileira. Isso porque, ainda que o trabalho de cuidados e de reprodução da vida seja de responsabilidade ampla ­ de famílias, do Estado e do mercado ­, é forçoso reconhecer que, no Brasil, retirando-se um insuficiente esforço de oferta de creches públicas, praticamente inexistem políticas públicas ou iniciativas empresariais destinadas a compartilhar os cuidados e torná-los uma responsabilidade social. O trabalho doméstico e de cuidados segue, assim, sendo de responsabilidade das famílias, e, nestas, das mulheres (elas integrantes das próprias famílias ou contratadas para este fim). No contexto da pandemia de coronavírus, a vulnerabilidade do trabalho doméstico se amplia e pode ser estendida a um cenário de, pelo menos, uma dupla vulnerabilidade. O primeiro eixo está no tipo de trabalho realizado por essas mulheres e nas condições em que este se realiza, que as expõe, de forma muito intensa, à circulação do vírus. O segundo eixo dessa vulnerabilidade está na falta de proteção social e na impossibilidade dessas trabalhadoras de buscarem no Estado apoio, seja para reposição da renda, caso sejam demitidas (seguro-desemprego), seja no caso de ficarem doentes e precisarem se afastar do trabalho (auxílio-doença).

Influence of N-P-K fertilization at the acclimatization stage on micropropagated seedlings of Tillandsia bulbosa Hook / Influência da adubação com N-P-K na fase de aclimatização em mudas micropropagadas de Tillandsia bulbosa Hook

Bromeliads are known worldwide for their ornamental potential. In Brazil, species of the genus Tillandsia occur in the Atlantic rainforest, Amazon rainforest, and rocky fields. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization on micropropagated seedlings of Tillandsia bulbosa, at the acclimatization stage, and their leaf anatomy. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme, using coconut coir: earthworm humus: sand mixture as substrate (2:1:1). Urea, single superphosphate, and potassium chloride were used as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sources, respectively, at proportions of 50, 100, 200, and 400% of the dose recommended. The doses were distributed in four applications, testing total application at planting (1); ½ application at planting and ½ at 80 DAP (2); application at planting, at 50 DAP, and at 100 DAP (3); and » application at planting, » at 30 DAP, » at 60 DAP, and » at 120 DAP (4); and a control (without fertilization). Leaves anatomy was analyzed at 180 days after planting. Fertilization did not significantly influence the development of seedlings during acclimatization. The doses of 50, 100, and 200% provided thicker parenchyma of chlorophyll and aquifer and leaf blade. Tillandsia bulbosa can be acclimatized without fertilizer application.

As bromélias são conhecidas mundialmente por seu potencial ornamental. No Brasil, as espécies de Tillandsia podem ser encontradas na Mata Atlântica, Floresta Amazônica e campos rupestres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio em plântulas micropropagadas de Tillandsia bulbosa, na fase de aclimatização e na sua anatomia foliar. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x4+1, utilizando como substrato a mistura de pó de coco: húmus de minhoca: areia (2:1:1). Ureia, super fosfato simples e cloreto de potássio foram utilizados como fontes de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, nas proporções de 50, 100, 200 e 400% da dose recomendada. As doses foram distribuídas em quatro aplicações, testando aplicação total no plantio (1); ½ no plantio e ½ aos 80 DAP (2); no plantio, aos 50 DAP e aos 100 DAP (3) e » no plantio, » aos 30 DAP, » aos 60 DAP e » aos 120 DAP (4), e uma testemunha (sem adubação). Foi realizado o estudo anatômico das folhas aos 180 dias. A adubação não influenciou significativamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas durante a aclimatização. As doses de 50, 100 e 200% proporcionaram maior espessura de parênquimas clorofiliano e aquífero e do limbo foliar. A aclimatização de Tillandsia bulbosa pode ser realizada sem a necessidade de adubação.

Association between symptoms of depression and oral health conditions.

AIMS: To investigate the symptoms of depression and oral health status in Brazilian public healthcare system users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 776 individuals aged 15 years or older, in the urban areas of Recife (Brazil), obtained by multistage sampling. Committee on Ethics in Research with Human Beings (CAAE) 0538.0.172.172-11. Depression symptoms were verified by means of Axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria in Temporomandibular Disorder. For the socioeconomic level, the economic classification criteria of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies and clinical exam record charts were used to establish variables related to oral health conditions. RESULTS: The variables discomfort on occlusion (OR = 1.882 CI = 1.384-2.560), gingival bleeding (OR = 1.384 CI = 1.002-1.912), and self-perception of oral health (OR = 1.549 CI = 1.054-2.277), remained in the regression model. CONCLUSION: Discomfort on occlusion, self-perception of oral health, gingival bleeding, sex, and skin color were shown to be associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.

Radiographic study of mandibular third molars: evaluation of the position and root anatomy in Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVES: The root anatomy and position of mandibular third molars are important factors in assessing the level of difficulty of surgical removal procedures. In this light, this study aims to identify the most frequent position and the root anatomy of mandibular third molars. METHODS: The study sample comprised 1205 mandibular third molars from 710 panoramic radiographs evaluated. Regarding the position, all of them were based on Pell and Gregory's and Winter's classifications. The root anatomy was classified according to the type and number of roots, as well as the presence of laceration, fusion, or divergence. Gender and the quadrant were also considered. Following an interexaminer analysis, a statistical analysis was performed using the Kappa test. RESULTS: The results showed that the IA (40.3%) and mesioangular (53.8%) position was predominant in mandibular third molars. Regarding the anatomy, the most common were two roots (98.3%), of the conical simple type (88.9%), with absence of laceration (89.2%), divergence (84%), and fusion (80%). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the most prevalent mandibular third molar type in Brazilian patients was the IA and mesioangular position, with simple root anatomy. The result of this study can assist oral surgeons to better plan and assess the level of difficulty of surgical removal procedures.

Uso da tecnologia educacional web-based por profissionais da Odontologia brasileira / The use of web-based educational technology by Brazilian Dental professionals

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o uso da tecnologia educacional web-based por cirurgiõesdentistas e auxiliares de saúde bucal cadastrados no curso de Capacitação para Atenção e Cuidado da saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência (ACPD) e avaliar as dificuldades de acesso à internet, o tempo de utilização dos recursos tecnológicos e os seus objetivos. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo dos dados coletados em Ambiente Virtual da Capacitação da Odontologia Brasileira para a Atenção e o Cuidado da Pessoa com Deficiência - ACPD, no site da Universidade Aberta do SUS (UNASUSUFPE), por meio de um questionário eletrônico disponibilizado no site. A amostra foi composta por 2.377 profissionais cadastrados no curso e que se disponibilizaram a responder o questionário. A análise dos dados foi realizada por técnicas de estatística descritivas. Constatou-se que pouco mais da metade da amostra (54,05%) utiliza mais de um recurso tecnológico para sua conexão com o mundo virtual no dia a dia e 54,56% dos participantes relataram acessar a internet da própria residência. A rede Wireless/Wi-Fi é utilizada por 57,21% do total da amostra. Quanto ao grau de dificuldade encontrado pelos participantes ao utilizar um novo recurso tecnológico, 58,9% relataram ser razoável. O uso da tecnologia digital já é uma realidade no Brasil. Porém, sua utilização para fins de estudo, embora disponível, parece não ser utilizada por grande parte da população (AU).

The objective of this study was to analyze the use of web-based educational technology by dental surgeons and oral health aides enrolled in the Training for Attention and Oral Health Care of the Disabled and to evaluate the difficulties of access to the Internet and technological time of use of resources and their objectives. A descriptive study of the data collected in the Virtual Environment of the Brazilian Dentistry Training for Attention and Care of the Person with Disability was carried out on the UNASUSUFPE website, through an electronic questionnaire made available on the website. The sample consisted of 2,377 professionals registered in the course and who became available to answer the questionnaire. Data analyzes were performed using descriptive statistical techniques through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0. It was found that a few more than half of the sample (54.05%) uses more than one technological resource to connect with the virtual world on a day-to-day basis and 54.56% of participants reported accessing the internet from their own residence. The Wireless / Wi-Fi network was used by 57.21% of the total sample. Regarding the degree of difficulty encountered by the participants when using a new technological resource, 58.9% reported being reasonable. The use of digital technology is already a reality in Brazil. However, its use for study purposes, although available, does not seem to be used by much of the population (AU).

State, trait, and dental anxiety in caregivers of individuals with disabilities.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety in caregivers of patients with special needs and caregivers of pediatric patients without special needs at dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. All respondents were older than 18 years of age. Individuals with cognitive impairment and those taking anxiolytics, antidepressants, or sleep-inducing medication were excluded from the study. The sample consisted of 55 caregivers of patients with special needs and 55 caregivers of pediatric dental patients. A questionnaire was administered to determine the sociodemographic profile of the patients based on the 2015 Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Anxiety regarding dental treatment was measured using the dental anxiety scale. The state-trait anxiety inventory was used to identify state and trait anxiety levels. RESULTS: Caregivers of individuals with disabilities had a similar level of anxiety as caregivers of pediatric dental patients. Most caregivers of individuals with disabilities were mothers with an older age and a greater frequency of trait anxiety, especially when these mothers had health problems. State anxiety was associated with a lower education level. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dental anxiety levels were found among caregivers with a higher level of trait anxiety, independently of the type of patient to which care was given.

Vivências comunitárias durante as excursões didáticas no curso de Odontologia da UFPE - uma experiência extramuros / The community experiences during the tour of teaching in UFPE College of Dentistry - an extramural experience

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção dos alunos envolvidos no projeto de Excursão Didática a respeito da integralidade da atenção à saúde e da integralização ensino, trabalho e práticas sociais. Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo analítico. A amostra foi composta de 109 alunos que participaram das excursões e que estavam cursando entre o 7º e o 10º período do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). As atividades das excursões foram desenvolvidas nas cidades do sertão pernambucano. O questionário aplicado para coletar as informações dos participantes foi composto por quatro partes: Dados pessoais (nome, idade, sexo e período do curso); Infraestrutura necessária para a excursão (transporte, recurso financeiro e duração da atividade); Abordagem clínica (acolhimento, relacionamento dos profissionais com os pacientes e famílias, biossegurança e domínio das atividades clínicas); e Resultado final da excursão. Quase a totalidade da amostra dos estudantes entendeu como adequada a metodologia utilizada durante todo o transcurso da atividade. As atividades extramuros desenvolvidas nas comunidades cumpriram seu principal objetivo, que foi proporcionar aos alunos uma visão integral da realidade social e sanitária encontrada nas comunidades não assistidas pelos serviços básicos de saúde (AU).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of the students involved in the Tour Teaching project concerning the completeness of health care and integralization of learning, work and social practices. This is an analytical observational study. The sample included 109 students who participated in tours and belonging to the 7th, 8th 9th or 10th periods of the Dental course at Federal University of Pernambuco. The activities of the excursions were developed in the Pernambuco backlands cities. The questionnaire for collecting information from participants was composed of four sections: Personal information (name, age, gender and degree course period); Infrastructure required for the tour (transport, financial resources and duration of the activity); Clinical approach (reception, professional relationship with patients and families, biosafety and field of clinical activities); and Final results of the tour. The extramural activities in the communities served their main goal was to provide students with a comprehensive view of social reality and health found in communities not assisted by basic health services (AU).

The role of occlusal factors on the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occlusal factors and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODOLOGY: One hundred patients were selected among those who sought medical or dental care in public practice in Recife, Brazil. The presence of malocclusions and absence of five or more posterior teeth were evaluated by the clinical exam. TMD diagnosis was given using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD). Statistics were carried out using Fisher and Mann-Whitney methods with 5% significance level, as well as multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The sample was mainly comprised of women (83%), individuals over 30 years old (57%) and singles (53%). The percentage of TMD and malocclusion in total sample was 42% and 50%, respectively, while in TMD subjects, malocclusion was present in 38.1%. There was no association between TMD and the occlusal factors studied. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that malocclusion and loss of five or more posterior teeth does not contribute to TMD.

Temporomandibular disorders in a sample population of the Brazilian northeast.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition. This study is part of a research group and it investigated the prevalence of TMD and myofascial pain and its association with gender, age and socioeconomic class. The sample comprised 100 subjects, aged 15 to 70, users of the Family Health Units' services, in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. The TMD degree was evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD and socioeconomic class by the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test for proportions and Fisher's exact test for 2x2 tables, and binary logistic analysis to track the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. According to the results, 42% of the subjects had TMD and 14% myofascial pain. No statistically significant association could be found between TMD and gender or socioeconomic class, but it was found to have statistically significant association with age, and myofascial pain was associated with socioeconomic class. Considering that the results of the present study should be confirmed by further studies and the fact that this was a pilot study, the prevalence must be analyzed with caution.

Temporomandibular Disorders in a Sample Population of the Brazilian Northeast

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition. This study is part of a research group and it investigated the prevalence of TMD and myofascial pain and its association with gender, age and socioeconomic class. The sample comprised 100 subjects, aged 15 to 70, users of the Family Health Units' services, in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. The TMD degree was evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD and socioeconomic class by the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test for proportions and Fisher's exact test for 2x2 tables, and binary logistic analysis to track the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. According to the results, 42% of the subjects had TMD and 14% myofascial pain. No statistically significant association could be found between TMD and gender or socioeconomic class, but it was found to have statistically significant association with age, and myofascial pain was associated with socioeconomic class. Considering that the results of the present study should be confirmed by further studies and the fact that this was a pilot study, the prevalence must be analyzed with caution.

Disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é uma condição comum. Este estudo é parte de um grupo de pesquisa e investigou a prevalência de DTM e dor miofascial e suas associações com sexo, idade e classe socioeconômica. A amostra foi composta por 100 indivíduos, com idades entre 15 e 70 anos, usuários das Unidades de Saúde da Família, na cidade de Recife, PE. O grau de DTM foi avaliado usando os Critérios de Diagnósticos Científicos em DTM, e classe socioeconômica com o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. As variáveis categóricas foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado para proporções e teste exato de Fisher para tabelas 2x2, e a análise logística binária para traçar a relação entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes. De acordo com os resultados, 42% dos indivíduos tinham DTM e 14% dor miofascial. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre DTM e sexo ou classe socioeconômica, mas houve associação estatisticamente significativa com a idade e a dor miofascial foi associada com a classe socioeconômica. Considerando-se que os resultados do presente estudo devam ser confirmados em outros estudos e por causa de sua natureza piloto, a prevalência deve ser analisada com cautela.

Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder: Binary logistic regression analysis

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors (gender, economic class, age and marital status) on the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder. Study DESIGN: One hundred individuals from urban areas in the city of Recife (Brazil) registered at Family Health Units was examined using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) which addresses myofascial pain and joint problems (disc displacement, arthralgia, osteoarthritis and oeste- oarthrosis). The Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) was used for the collection of socioeconomic and demographic data. Then, it was categorized as Class A (high social class), Classes B/C (middle class) and Classes D/E (very poor social class). The results were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test for proportions, Fisher's exact test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: None of the participants belonged to Class A, 72% belonged to Classes B/C and 28% belonged to Classes D/E. The multivariate analysis revealed that participants from Classes D/E had a 4.35-fold greater chance of exhibiting myofascial pain and 11.3-fold greater chance of exhibiting joint problems. CONCLUSIONS: Poverty is a important condition to exhibit myofascial pain and joint problems

Actions of women farmers in family care: use of medicinal plants in Southern Brazil / Acciones de mujeres campesinas en el cuidado familiar: uso de plantas medicinales en el sur de Brasil / Ações de mulheres agricultoras no cuidado familiar: uso de plantas medicinais no sul do Brasil

The aim of this study was to describe actions in family care and use of medicinal plants by women farmers in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. This is a qualitative study with a group of 15 women farmers from District of Rincão da Cruz, Pelotas, RS. Data were collected in 2011 and 2012. Participant observations, focus groups, and individual interviews were performed, resulting in two thematic cores. The theoretical reference for this study was based on publications by Geertz and Leininger. Content analysis of discourses was developed in three stages: pre-analysis, analysis, and interpretation of results. These women were shown to have knowledge on medicinal plants and the most prevalent diseases in the region. This knowledge is used in the context of the family and community care. These women farmers are recognized in the region by their persistent work with medicinal plants as a health resource.

El estudio objetivó describir las acciones de cuidado familiar y el uso de plantas medicinales por mujeres campesinas del sur del Rio Grande do Sul. Se trata de una pesquisa cualitativa, envolviendo un grupo de 15 mujeres agricultoras del Distrito de Rincão da Cruz, del área rural de Pelotas-RS. La recolección de los datos ocurrió en 2011 y 2012. Fueron realizados observación participante, grupo focal y entrevistas individuales que resultaron en dos núcleos temáticos. El referencial teórico se embazó en Geertz y Leininger. El análisis de contenido se desarrolló en tres etapas: pre-análisis, exploración de los resultados, e interferencia e interpretación de los resultados. Se constató que las mujeres tienen conocimiento acerca de las plantas medicinales y de las enfermedades más recurrentes en la región. Estos conocimientos son utilizados en el cuidado en el contexto de la familia y en la comunidad. La persistente trayectoria de las mujeres campesinas é reconocida por los residentes de la región como una fuente de salud.

O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever ações de cuidado familiar e uso de plantas medicinais, realizadas por mulheres agricultoras do Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, envolvendo um grupo de 15 agricultoras do Distrito de Rincão da Cruz, Pelotas-RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2011 e 2012. Realizaram-se observações participantes, grupo focal e entrevistas individuais, que resultaram em dois núcleos temáticos. O referencial teórico embasou-se em Geertz e Leininger. A análise de conteúdo desenvolve-se em três etapas: pré-análise, exploração do resultado, interferência e interpretação dos resultados. Constatou-se que as mulheres possuem conhecimentos sobre as plantas medicinais e sobre as enfermidades mais recorrentes na região. Esse conhecimento é utilizado no contexto de cuidado da família e comunidade. A persistente trajetória destas mulheres agricultoras faz com que sejam reconhecidas regionalmente pelo trabalho com plantas medicinais e um recurso de saúde.

Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder: binary logistic regression analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors (gender, economic class, age and marital status) on the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred individuals from urban areas in the city of Recife (Brazil) registered at Family Health Units was examined using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) which addresses myofascial pain and joint problems (disc displacement, arthralgia, osteoarthritis and oesteoarthrosis). The Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) was used for the collection of socioeconomic and demographic data. Then, it was categorized as Class A (high social class), Classes B/C (middle class) and Classes D/E (very poor social class). The results were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test for proportions, Fisher's exact test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: None of the participants belonged to Class A, 72% belonged to Classes B/C and 28% belonged to Classes D/E. The multivariate analysis revealed that participants from Classes D/E had a 4.35-fold greater chance of exhibiting myofascial pain and 11.3-fold greater chance of exhibiting joint problems. CONCLUSION: Poverty is a important condition to exhibit myofascial pain and joint problems.

Informantes folk: concepções de saúde / Folk informants: conceptions of health / Informantes folk: concepciones de salud

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções de saúde dos informantes folk. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, envolvendo sete informantes indicados pelos agricultores ecológicos de quatro municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2009 e 2010. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações simples. A análise resultou em dois núcleos temáticos, segundo a análise temática de Minayo. O referencial teórico embasou-se na antropologia interpretativa de Geertz e Kleinman. A concepção de saúde dos informantes folk está vinculada com a forma como as pessoas se relacionam nos espaços em que estão inseridos e como se percebem em suas relações com os outros, consigo e com o ambiente. Os profissionais necessitam considerar os conceitos de saúde e doença da população assistida, aceitando a existência do sistema de cuidado folk, que busca contribuir para a melhora da qualidade de vida, no seu contexto histórico, social e cultural.

This study aimed to know the conceptions of health by folk informants. It is a qualitative research involving seven informers indicated by ecological farmers in four municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Data were collected in 2009 and 2010. Semi-structured interviews and simple observations were done. The analysis resulted in two thematic nuclei, according thematic analysis by Minayo. The supported theoretical reference was based on interpretative anthropology by Geertz and Kleinman. The conception of health by the folk informants is linked with the way as people relate themselves to each other in the spaces where they live and how they view their relationships with the others, with themselves and with the environment. Professionals need to consider the concepts of health and disease in population served, and accept the existence of folk care system, which seeks to contribute to improve the quality of life in its historical, social and cultural context.

El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer las concepciones sobre la salud de los informantes folk. Este es un estudio cualitativo que participan siete informantes indicado por campesinos ecológico de cuatro condados del sur del Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados durante 2009 y 2010, utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada y observación. El análisis se realizó en dos núcleos temáticos, acorde a Minayo. El marco teórico se basó en la antropología interpretativa. La concepción de salud de los informantes folk se vincula con la forma en que las personas se relacionan con los espacios en que viven y como perciben sus relaciones con los demás, consigo mismos y con el ambiente. Profesionales necesitan tener en cuenta los conceptos de salud y enfermedad en la población atendida, y aceptar la existencia del sistema popular de cuidado, que busca contribuir a la mejora de su calidad de vida en el contexto histórico, social y cultural.