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1.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol ; 115: 149-152, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30368376

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to compare preoperative to postoperative levels of urine-Cysteinyl leukotrienes (uCysLT) in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in order to investigate whether exaggerated leukotriene activity is the cause or consequence of OSA. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective study was conducted on non-obese children (4-10 years old) referred for overnight PSG. Children with moderate/severe OSA treated with AT were included. A second PSG study performed 2 months postoperatively to confirm OSA resolution, and those with residual OSA were excluded. Morning urine specimens after both PSG studies were obtained and pre-operative uCysLT levels were compared to postoperative levels. RESULTS: 27 children fulfilled the criteria and underwent a post-operative PSG study with three exclusions for residual OSA (postop-AHI>2), so the study group consisted of 24 children (mean age: 5.7 ±â€¯2.1 years). Mean preoperative and postoperative AHI was 10.96 ±â€¯5.93 and 1.44 ±â€¯0.56 respectively. Mean preop-uCysLT were 21.14 ±â€¯4.65, while after AT they significantly reduced to 12.62 ±â€¯2.67 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: uCysLT levels are significantly reduced after AT in non-obese children with moderate/severe OSA, suggesting that exaggerated leukotriene activity is mainly a consequence of OSA.


Assuntos
Cisteína/urina , Leucotrienos/urina , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Urina/química , Adenoidectomia/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polissonografia/métodos , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/urina , Tonsilectomia/métodos
2.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 67(8): 1819-23, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22532462

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Outbreaks caused by linezolid-resistant (LR) enterococci remain rare. We report the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of the multiclonal dissemination of LR enterococci in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a Greek hospital. METHODS: All LR enterococcal isolates recovered from patients hospitalized in the ICU of the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, between January 2007 and October 2008 were included. Isolates were tested by PFGE and PCR followed by sequence analysis of the entire 23S rRNA gene. Patient records were retrieved to access patterns of acquisition and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen separate patients were infected and/or colonized by 22 LR enterococcal isolates (17 Enterococcus faecium and 5 Enterococcus faecalis). Linezolid MICs varied from 8 to 16 mg/L; 12 isolates showed cross-resistance to vancomycin. Genotyping revealed as many as seven and three PFGE types among E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, respectively, indicating multiclonal spread of LR enterococci. Nine patients had received linezolid prior to the recovery of LR enterococci, while the remaining seven patients were not exposed to the drug. All isolates carried the mutation G2576T; the mutated position was heterogeneous in 12 isolates and homogeneous in 10. CONCLUSIONS: The multiclonal composition of LR enterococci indicates that linezolid resistance possibly occurred on several independent occasions. Its acquisition was often not related to linezolid administration; patients might have acquired their LR isolate from another patient that had received linezolid or, alternatively, resistance may have arisen by mutation that occurred independently.


Assuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterococcus faecalis/classificação , Enterococcus faecium/classificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Tipagem Molecular , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação , Genótipo , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Grécia/epidemiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Linezolida , Epidemiologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
3.
Microb Pathog ; 47(6): 341-4, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19786085

RESUMO

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is coordinated by the accessory gene regulator (agr) system. Previous studies suggested that agr Group II methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), a polymorphism that has been associated with moderate response to vancomycin, may also be related with overproduction of biofilm. In a hospital environment with endemic occurrence of MRSA, the distribution of agr groups and their association with biofilm formation was investigated. Forty-two MRSA and 32 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were tested and had derived from 10 genotypes and 8 clonal complexes. agr Groups I, II and IV were evenly distributed among MRSAs and MSSAs but agr Group III was not detected. agr Group II MRSAs showed significantly higher levels of biofilm production in comparison with MRSAs of the remaining agr groups as well as with all three agr groups of MSSAs. These findings suggest that agr Group II is simultaneously associated with methicillin-resistance and biofilm overproduction in a region with endemic MRSA.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Genótipo , Grécia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Prevalência , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Transativadores/genética
4.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 52(11): 3905-8, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18694946

RESUMO

Community-type Staphylococcus aureus strains that are positive for mecA and PBP2a but appear phenotypically susceptible to oxacillin are increasingly reported worldwide. Four S. aureus clinical isolates carrying the mecA gene with oxacillin MICs of <2 microg/ml were tested for oxacillin efficiency by population analyses and experimental thigh infections. These isolates harbored staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV and belonged to two genotypes. Two of the four isolates were found by population analysis to be truly oxacillin susceptible. All four isolates exhibited significant reductions in the numbers of colonies grown after dicloxacillin treatment of experimental thigh infections, as also did a mecA-negative S. aureus control strain. These observations indicate that some of the phenotypically oxacillin susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates may be at least partially responsive to oxacillin.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Dicloxacilina/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos , Humanos , Masculino , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Camundongos , Resistência às Penicilinas/genética , Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Vancomicina/farmacologia
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