[Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of disseminated encephalomyelitis in adults]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti i diagnostika ostrogo rasseiannogo éntsefalomielita u vzroslykh.

AIM: To analyze clinical, neuroimaging and laboratory characteristics of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ODEM) in adults with an analysis of the frequency of diagnostic errors at the initial examination stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 23 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of ODEM. The analysis of clinical characteristics, MRI results and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. The diagnosis of the disease in each case was specified after a full examination and dynamic observation. RESULTS: The diagnosis of ODEM was confirmed only in 16 cases. In 6 cases, the final diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was made, and one case of Susak syndrome, primary CNS lymphoma and levamisole-associated multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy was also detected. It has been shown that ODEM in adults is characterized by the acute development of multifocal brain lesions in combination with clinical manifestations of encephalopathy, which in half of cases is preceded by an infectious disease. There were no specific clinical, neuroimaging and laboratory features, which could allow differentiation of ODEM from onset of MS. CONCLUSION: To make a correct diagnosis in the first episode of acute multifocal brain lesion, a dynamic observation, including repeated MRI, is needed. The development of specific biomarkers may be of great importance for the early differential diagnosis of demyelinating diseases.

[Dynamics of bone metabolism markers in oral fluid after surgical treatment of chronic periodontal disease with various osteoplastic materials]. / Dinamika kostnogo metabolizma posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia khronicheskogo generalizovannogo parodontita s podsadkoi razlichnykh kostno-plasticheskikh materialov po pokazateliam rotovoi zhidkosti.

The aim of the work was to assess the balance between osteosynthetic and osteodestructive processes in the oral cavity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) of moderate and severe severity in the dynamics of a remote period of patchwork using various bone-plastic materials (BPM) based on xenogeneic hydroxyapatite (HA), ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). 123 patients with CGP were examined. Depending on the type of BPM, two groups were distinguished by composition in the course of patchwork operations. Patients of group 1 (n=61) received BPM on the basis of xenogeneic HA, 2 groups (n=62) on the basis of ß-TCP. Initially and after surgery at 8 and 12 months in the oral fluid, the concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), the ligand of the soluble activator of the kappa B nucleation factor (sRANKL), the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), was determined by an immunoenzyme method. As a result of the study, it was found that in patients with moderate-bodied CGP after surgical treatment, restriction of osteoclast activity with a decrease in sRANKL due to an increase in OPG in the oral fluid, an increase in osteoblast activity with BAP secretion is most pronounced when using ß-TCP-based BPM at 8 months. After surgery with an average severity of the disease. Less pronounced changes in bone metabolism in the oral cavity are detected with the use of BPM on the basis of HA. In severe CGP, changes in bone homeostasis in the oral cavity after scrappy operations with BPM insertion based on TCP or HA are not expressed and are observed only after 12 months. Thus, the most effective changes in bone metabolism develop with the use of TCP as BPM.

Blood Cytokine Profile in Rats with Different Behavioral Characteristics after Metabolic Stress.

Changes in the blood cytokine profile in rats with various parameters of behavior were studied under conditions of 5-day starvation not followed by the recovery period or with subsequent normalization of food intake. Metabolic stress had no effect on the content of most cytokines. The concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma of rats was shown to increase significantly by the end of a 5-day recovery period after food deprivation. These changes in behaviorally passive specimens were more pronounced than in active animals. Therefore, differences in the strain of immune reactions in mammals with different prognostic resistance to extreme factors are most pronounced during the post-stress period. These data illustrate the necessity of an individual approach to studying the systemic organization of physiological functions under normal and pathological conditions.

Postgenomic Properties of Natural Micronutrients.

Modern medical approaches to the therapy of various diseases, including cancer, are based on the use of toxic drugs. The unfavorable side effects of traditional medicine could be counterbalanced by addition of natural bioactive substances to conventional therapy due to their mild action on cells combined with the multitargeted effects. To elucidate the real mechanisms of their biological activity, versatile approaches including a number of "omics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are used. This review highlights inclusion of bioactive natural compounds into the therapy of chronic diseases from the viewpoint of modern omics-based nutritional biochemistry. The recently accumulated data argue for necessity to employ nutrigenetic and nutrimetabolomic analyses to prevent or diminish the risk of chronic diseases.

Activity of Cathepsin B and Proteome in the Serum and Brain of Rats with Different Behavioral Activity under Conditions of Metabolic Stress.

Study of the brain and serum of male Wistar rats with the metabolic stress model detected changed proteomic profiles of emotiogenic structures and an increase of cathepsin B activity. Antiapoptotic effect of coenzyme Q10, added to the ration, was detected. Differences in the adaptation response of animals with passive and active behavior under conditions of metabolic stress were detected.

Effect of Metabolic Stress on Lysosomal Proteolysis in the Liver and Brain of Rats Receiving Q10-Enriched Ration.

Activation of lysosomal proteolysis and increased coenzyme Q10 level were revealed in the liver and brain of rats with individual typological features under conditions of food deprivation. Changes in cathepsin B activity in these tissues were different in behaviorally active and passive animals. We observed indirect modulating effect of coenzyme Q10 in the regulation of activity of lysosomal endopeptidases in the brain of animals with different behavior during adaptation to metabolic stress.

[Root canals dentinal wall structure after photodynamic exposure]. / Izuchenie struktury stenki kornevykh kanalov zubov posle fotodinamicheskogo vozdeistviia.

The aim of the study was to assess root canal dentinal walls structure after photodynamic exposure with the use of 0.5% photoditazine. A root canal dentin of 46 single root intact teeth removed for orthodontic indications was examined by scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM-6510 (Japan). Microphotographs of the root canal wall were obtained in the orifice, central and apical parts under×2000 magnification. It was found that photoactivation of 0.5% gel photoditazine by a light source, laser or diode, with a wavelength of 635-660 nm and a power of 150-200 mW is an effective technique for removing the smear layer of the root canal wall, which facilitates the maximum opening of the dentinal tubules to a depth of 2-3 µm. The best result (the maximum number of open dentinal tubules, the absence of a smear layer) is observed with 3 min photoditazine exposure and 2 min of laser exposure. The method can be proposed as an alternative supplement to the conventional root canals irrigation.

Proteomic Characteristics of Blood Serum in Rats with Different Behavioral Parameters after Acute Stress.

We studied proteome profile of blood serum of Wistar rats with different behavioral activity immediately and in 1 and 3 days after acute stress on the model of 12-h immobilization during the nighttime. Comparative analysis of 2D-electrophoretograms revealed differences in the expression of serum proteins in non-stressed (control) and stressed (experimental) rats. We found 22 protein spots that characterized the proteomic features of blood serum in rats with different prognostic resistance to stress. Mass-spectrometry of isolated spots identified 6 functional proteins. Persistent proteome changes in the blood of animals at different stages after acute stress were determined. The specificity of proteomic characteristics of blood serum was shown in behaviorally passive and active rats during the post-stress period. These data extend the concept on specific protein markers for the formation of a negative emotional state and adaptive-and-compensatory processes in mammals with different sensitivity to stressogenic factors.

[Efficiency of Cell Transplantation in Repair of Mouse Liver Damage].

The effectiveness of two transplantation methods of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 and allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue (AT MSCs) into mice was compared in order to select the most effective for liver damage repair. Considerable advantage of cell transplantation into the spleen compared with intraperitoneal administration was shown. It is found that, under similar conditions of transplantation, AT MSCs are detected in liver tissue in smaller quantities than human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2; differences in cell localization of these types of cells in the liver are revealed. A tendency to decrease in the degree of fibrotic changes in liver tissue after transplantation of AT MSCs and to a greater extent after transplantation of AT MSCs, pretreated with interleukin-6, was traced.

Effect of Metabolic Stress on Coenzyme Q10 Content in Tissues of Active and Passive Rats.

The dynamics of coenzyme Q10 concentration in the blood plasma, liver, and brain of passive and active rats was studied on the model of metabolic stress. This parameter was shown to differ in rats with various patterns of behavior. Dietary consumption of coenzyme Q10 in doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight was followed by changes in its content in experimental animals.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Proteomic Profile of Rat Brain Amygdala during Acute Metabolic Stress.

Differences in the proteomic profiles of the brain amygdala in rats with different prognostic resistance to stress were found on the model of metabolic stress. Differential expression of tropomodulin-2, GTP-binding protein SAR1, peroxiredoxin-2, calcineurin B homologous protein 1, Ras-related protein Rab-14, glutathione S-transferase omega-1, Tcrb protein, and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8 (mitochondrial) was shown to depend on the behavioral pattern of animals and stage of the study. Specific features were observed in the involvement of the amygdala in the stress response of specimens with various behavioral characteristics.

[EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE].

Despite numerous medical and surgical treatment strategies available, the problem of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is still not completely resolved. Continuing research is underway to modify the sling operations and develop new bulk-enhancing agents, including the use of tissue engineering and cell technologies. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new methods at the preclinical stage, adequate and reproducible experimental models of SUI in laboratory animals should be used. This article presents analysis of all SUI models described in the scientific literature and the results of an experimental study comparing two primary ways of modeling, based on bilateral pudendal nerve damage in female rats. The experiment results showed that only bilateral electrocoagulation of proximal part of pudendal nerves by the posterior approach ensured a stable and long-term SUI symptoms in animals in the form of leak point pressure reduction in the urodynamic study and increase of the of the urethral lumen according to histomorphometric analysis. The results suggest that an adequate experimental SUI model is urethral rabdomiosphincter denervation by pudendal nerve electrocoagulation by the posterior surgical approach, when the nerve is damaged in the area of its separation from sciatic nerve. In this case stable and reproducible results are obtainable.

[DYNAMICS OF CYTOKINE CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD OF RATS WITH VARIOUS BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AFTER ACUTE EMOTIONAL STRESS].

This work was designed to study a change in cytokine content in the peripheral blood of behaviorally passive and active Wistar rats at various time intervals after acute stress on the model of night-time immobilization. A decrease in the concentration of most pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in passive animals was most pronounced immediately and, particularly, 3 days after stress exposure. Variations in the blood cytokine profile after experimental stress were lower in behaviorally active specimens. A statistically significant decrease was observed only in the amount of a proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. As differentiated from passive rats, these changes in active specimens were most pronounced 1 day after negative emotiogenic exposure. Our results illustrate a specific involvement of immunoactive substances in the systemic regulation of physiological functions and development of individual resistance to the negative consequences of stress.

Biochemical changes in rats with different behavioral characteristics under conditions of metabolic stress.

Food deprivation is an extreme state of the functional feeding system, which is reflected in the character of changes in the activity of central and peripheral components selectively included in the system. We studied the dynamics of coenzyme Q10 levels and spectrum of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood serum, liver, and brain as well as LPO intensity in the serum and liver in behaviorally passive and active rats under conditions of food deprivation. Our results indicate that adaptive and compensatory processes during acute metabolic stress depend on the initial behavioral characteristics of the animals.

Biochemical features in rats with different behavioral activity under conditions of emotional stress.

Adaptive capacities of the organism under conditions of emotional stress are determined by individual complex of anti-stress protective mechanisms. We studied the content of coenzyme Q10 and the spectrum of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in the serum, liver, and brain, and LPO intensity in the serum and liver of behaviorally active and passive rats under conditions of acute emotional stress. The differences in the formation of adaptive responses in animals with various behavioral activities were demonstrated.

[Nutrimetabolomics--the new stage of biochemistry of nutrition. The role of nutrilipidomic analysis].

In this review, in the light of current trends in the development of nutritional science and nutritional biochemistry the key directions associated with complex comprehensive study of metabolic processes in the body are discussed. We highlight the development of lipidomic researches and formation of nutrilipidomic analysis. We review the role of different lipids, including omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, in mechanism of protein expression, the nature of lipid-protein interactions, and the signaling function of lipids. Since PUFAs influence the increase of peroxide oxidation of lipids, this review summarizes current methodology used to estimate the oxidative stress.

[Molecular epidemiological analysis of the HIV infection in the Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk Area (Russian Far East)].

The results of the molecular-epidemiological analysis of the HIV-1 variants circulating in Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk (Russian Far East) were presented. In Blagoveshchensk HIV-1 IDU-A variants were dominated (92.5%), similar to the regions of the European part of Russia. In Khabarovsk the heterogeneity of circulating HIV-1 variants was noted. In addition to IDU-A variants (66.0%), the strains of subtype B (12.6%), C (4.4%) and recombinant strain form CRF02_AG (17.0%) were identified. Using the phylogenetic analysis method the version of the penetration of HIV-1 variants from China and Japan was not supported.

[The possibilities of modern prophylaxis of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)].

The paper presents the results of the 1778 performed ERCP on patients with benign bile duct occlusion. Father was given evaluation of the effectiveness of using ksifokam, and usage of preventive and therapeutic stenting of the main pancreatic duct in 31 patients.

[Surgical treatment and different preoperative preparation of patients with malignant tumors of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone].

Different tactical approaches present to optimize surgical treatment of patients with malignant tumors hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. This research based on diagnosis and results of treatment of tumors of this localization, which included 357 analyzed case histories of patients treated in the Chelyabinsk Regional Hospital from 2010 to 2014. During this study was considered the preoperative preparation of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice genesis, and was assessed its impact on the level of postoperative complications and mortality. Farther was found effectiveness of a two-stage surgical treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice malignant etiology for the reduction of postoperative mortality. The complication rate is significantly reduced radically operated patients with bilirubin level below 40 mmol/l, palliative - 80 mmol/l. Also were presented results of treatment of chronic pain.

[HIV-1 genetic variants in the Asian part of Russia: a study (2005-2010)].

The HIV-1 genetic variants circulated in the Asian part of the Russian Federation in 2005-2010 were studied. The samples of HIV-1 (427 in total) were collected in Khabarovsk, Magadan, Kurgan, Krasnoyarsk, Noyabr'sk, Yakutsk, Altay, and Tyva. Sequencing of some genome regions followed by the phylogenetic analysis or specific Internet resource sampling were used as the main methods of the HIV subtyping. The domination of the IDU-A HIV-1 genetic variant typical of HIV-infection epidemic in Russia was shown in all regions tested in 2005-2010. This variant prevailed both in IDUs and heterosexuals. In addition to IDU-A, some other HIV-1 genetic variants were found among them: subtype B and recombinant CRF03_AB. The HIV-1 genetic polymorphism in Russia was found to be low. An increase in the genetic distance among studied de novo samples was noted in the Asian part of Russia in 2005-2010 (26-68%) as compared to the European variants in 1996-1999 (10%).