[DEVELOPMENT RISK FACTORS OF EARLY METABOLIC AND VASCULAR DISORDERS IN YOUNG SUBJECTS].

Deterioration of health characteristics and ever increasing diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity among young subjects imply the necessity of identification ofpossible risk factors of these conditions. We evaluated the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia and adipose tissue activity based on the results of screening for resistin level, aggravated heredity, disordered hydrocarbon metabolism, overweight, arterial hypertension, behaviour (physical overstrain, hypokinesia, smoking, inadequate dietary regime). The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and overall risk of cardiovascular disorders were calculated.

[Zinc and copper blood plasma and erythrocyte value in adolescent with the different types of pathology].

Comparative analysis the value of the cation of zinc and copper in the blood plasma and erythrocytes were performed in the different diseases in children and adolescent. The patients with bronchopulmonary diseases, liver diseases, low cardiovascular malformation and growth inhibition were examined. Increase the value of the intracellular zinc and copper was detected in patients with the definite bronchopulmonary diseases, which can on the one hand, reflected the activation of the antioxidant protection system and by another hand, reflected destructive metalloproteinase. Decrease the value of the intracellular copper in bronchopulmonary patients with the lung emphysema and Kartagnera syndrome indicate about the falure of the compensatory reactions and needs the additional investigation. It was detected that copper content in the blood plasma and the copper accumulation in erythrocyte were decrease in patients with liver diseases in comparison with the health children. The increase of copper value in erythrocyte in children with low cardiovascular malformation was detected and need the additional investigation. In children with the growth inhibition was detected appreciable decrease the value of the free zinc and copper ions in erythrocytes and copper in the blood plasma, which can explained the physical developmental lagging.

[The influence of sodium nitroprusside, the possible donor of nitric oxide on activity ATPases and lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes of sick children].

The effect of sodium nitroprusside, possible nitric oxide donor, on the activities of Ca2+, Mg(2+)- and Na+, K(+)-ATPases and lipid peroxidation was investigated in erythrocytes in vitro. Sodium nitroprusside caused 3-fold increase of mechanical and peroxidative erythrocyte hemolysis and also increase of bound malonic dialdehyde. Sodium nitroprusside-treated erythrocytes were also characterized by increased Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity.

[Changes of the thyroid hormone status in children with cerebral palsy and other neurological pathology].

Content of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyrotropin (TTG) hormone in blood plasma has been studied in 142 children with neurological pathology (cerebral palsy, perinatal CNS lesion). In most cases, there was a significant increase of T3 and T4 and reduction of TTG as compared to control group of healthy children. The changes of thyroid hormones content depended on the patient's age and severity of a pathological condition. A mother pregnancy course impacted on the hormones level. The content of T3 and T4 in blood plasma was higher in case of cystitis in mother's anamnesis or a persistent threat of preterm delivery. In patients, a TTG reduction correlated with mental retardation. In those with marked dysplasia of osseous tissue (osteoclast, osteopathy), the TTG content was higher comparing to patients without such malformations.

[Biochemical changes of red blood cells in children with cerebral palsy and other organic brain disorders].

One hundred and twenty-five children with cerebral palsy (n = 108) and organic CNS lesions (n = 17) have been studied. A control group included 30 children without any neurological lesions. Lipids and phospholipids spectra, Ca, Mg- and Na, K-ATPases, intensity of red blood cells lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte free magnesium content have been determined. Children with cerebral palsy had a higher percentage of cholesterol ethers and final products of lipid peroxidation in red blood cells--Shiff bases and a decrease of intraerythrocytic free magnesium. Patients with atonic-astatic syndrome were characterized by a sharp increase of Na, K-ATPase activity accompanied by increased content of such phospholipids as cardiolipin and phosphatide acid as well as Shiff bases. In patients with organic CNS lesions, Shiff bases content was similar to that in the control group, intracellular magnesium also did not differ significantly from the controls, but cardiolipin, phosphatide acid, cholesterol ethers and triglycerol concentrations were reduced. All the patients with neurological disorders had an increased percentage of phosphatidilcholin in red blood cells.

[Biochemical characteristics of the blood red cells in pathological conditions (a literature review)].

Literature data on processes occurring in membranes of blood red cells under normal and pathological conditions are revieved.

[Lipid peroxidation in neurological pathology in children].

The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied by the content of the listed below in erythrocytes of children with neurological pathology: diene conjugates, trienketones and LPO products. Intensified LPO processes were registered in children with neurology and primarily in those with cerebral spastic infantile paralysis (CSIP). The detected changes in the LPO products of erythrocyte membranes depended on a disease variation on an intellectual development of sick child. The LPO activation affects possibly the development (lesion) of craniocerebral innervation in patients. Changed LPO parameters were found in examined sick children to be most closely related with the development of their motor skills and with the formation of the bone-muscle system, thus, an essentially higher content of LPO products was registered in erythrocytes of children with a reduced muscular activity (in those not capable of sitting, standing or walking). Considering the above stated and with respect to the deficit of Vitamin E registered in such patients, children with CSIP or with impending CSIP need, obviously a prolonged membrane-stabilizing therapy by antioxidants and essential phospholipids including traps of radicals, which should cut the number of children with severe CSIP and with residual perinatal lesions of the central nervous system.

[Biochemical changes in neurological pathology].

Literature data on biochemical changes of structural and functional state of biological membranes seen at neurological pathology have been reviewed.

[Red cell phospholipid composition in children with neurological pathology]. / Fosfolipidnyi sostav érotrotsitov pri nevrologicheskoi patologii u detei.

Changes of red cell membrane phospholipid composition were studied in children with different neurological disorders--cerebral palsy, organic CNS damages and perinatal encephalopathy. The percentages of phosphatidylcholin and, in some cases, of phosphoglycerides increase depending on the disease type. The above changes were determined by craniocerebral innervation disturbances and concerned mainly the content of phosphatidylcholin, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamin. The determination analysis established that the changes of erythrocytes phospholipid content correlated with clinical state severity and intellectual development of children, and to depend on the disease type and may affect directly development/disturbance of craniocerebral innervation and intellectual development. The age changes were shown to influence phosphatid acid percentage in the patients.

[Change in prostaglandin levels and ATPase activity of cardiac membrane fractions during the formation of cerebral hematomas in animals with a hereditary predisposition to stroke]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia prostaglandinov i aktivnosti ATFaz membrannykh fraktsii serdtsa pri formirovanii tserebral'nykh gematom u zhivotnykh s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iuk insul'tam.

The formation of subarachnoidal, intragastric, and intracerebral hepatomas provoked by stress in rats hereditarily predisposed to strokes was found to be accompanied by myocardial overstrain and changes in cardiac prostaglandin formations, as well as by a decrease in the activity of ion-transporting enzymes, such as Na, K- and Ca,Mg-ATPases in the plasma membranes, Ca-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

[The effect of a low-frequency magnetic field on erythrocyte membrane function and on the prostanoid level in the blood plasma of children with parasystolic arrhythmia]. / Vliianie nizkochastotnogo magnitnogo polia na sostoianie membran éritrotsitov i soderzhanie prostanoidov v plazme krovi detei s parasistolicheskoi aritmiei.

As shown by clinical and biochemical evidence on 23 parasystolic children, the treatment with low-frequency magnetic field improves humoral and cellular processes participating in cardiac rhythm regulation. There is activation of Ca, Mg-ATPase in the red cells, a reduction of plasma thromboxane levels. Red cell phospholipid composition insignificantly change. Further courses of magnetotherapy may lower the risk of recurrent arrhythmia.

[Disorders of membrane mechanisms for regulating calcium homeostasis in cardiac arrhythmias in children]. / Narushennia membrannykh mekhanizmov reguliatsii kal'tsievogo gomeostaza pri aritmiiakh serdtsa u detei.

Importance of calmodulin and Ca2+ in membranes of erythrocytes and myocardium was studied in children with ectopic forms of cardiac arrhythmia--extrasystole, paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal tachycardia. Activation of lipid peroxidation and shifts in cytomembrane phospholipid spectrum were shown to be involved in impairments of calcium homeostasis regulation, which is responsible for control of electromechanical parameters and may be related to deterioration of myocardial electrophysiological properties.

[Serological diagnosis of tuberculosis in children by using erythrocyte preparations]. / Serologicheskaia diagnostika tuberkuleza u detei s ispol'zovaniem éritrotsitarnykh preparatov.

The results of indirect hemagglutination with phosphatide and protein antigens in children with different manifestations of primary Tb infection point to a high diagnostic potential of the serological method. Specially designed and tested diagnostic preparations made of TB and BCG vaccine strain tuberculin can perfect the diagnosis of tuberculosis and determination of its activity. Employment of the erythrocytic diagnosticum with BCG tuberculin extends the potential of detecting postvaccinal complications in children immunized with BCG vaccine.

[Lipid peroxidation in the aorta of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats with diabetes mellitus]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v aorte normotenzivnykh i spontanno-gipertenzivnykh krys pri sakharnom diabete.

We have studied the effects of streptozotocin-induced (STI) diabetes on the lipid peroxidation in the aorta from normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. In the control SHR quantity of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CD) and arterial pressure where higher than in NTR analogous group. It has been shown that Diabetes in NTR results in significantly increased arterial pressure and quantity of MDA and CD. Under certain conditions in SHR arterial pressure and the other factors remain almost unchanged. It is likely that completely different changes in intensity of lipid peroxidation may evidence breaking adaptation mechanism in diabetic SHR.

[Chronoinotropic reaction of the hypertrophied myocardium using an electromechanical coupling mathematical model]. / Issledovanie khornoinotropnoi reaktsii gipertrofirovannogo miokarda s pomoshch'iu matematicheskoi modeli élektromekhanicheskogo sopriazheniia.

Static and dynamic chrono-inotropic responses were recorded from both normal and hypertrophic rat auricular myocardium. The slope of the static force-frequency relation from hypertrophied heart was steeper than in the control hearts. The cellular mechanisms underlying changes in the force frequency response associated with hypertrophy of the heart were studied by means of a mathematical model of excitation-contraction coupling. The characteristic features of hypertrophied heart force-frequency relations are shown to be due to the enhanced volume of the intracellular Ca-stores in contrast to the total volume of the cardiomyocyte.

[Determination of histamine and serotonin in whole blood using the method of high performance liquid chromatography]. / Opredelenie gistamina i serotonina v tsel'noi krovi metodom vysokoéffektivnoi zhidkostnoi khromatografii.

The authors have developed a method for measuring histamine and serotonin in whole blood, based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of 5-dimethylaminonaphthyl sulfonic (DNS) amine derivatives with fluorometric detection. Chromatography in a mini-column packed with polyamide was employed for the isolation and purification of DNS-histamine and serotonin. The lowest detectable level of histamine is 2-2.5 ng/ml of blood, that of serotonin 1-1.5 ng/ml. The method was tried with whole blood samples from children suffering from various allergic conditions. Whole blood histamine and serotonin concentration were found particularly elevated in the patients with gastrointestinal allergies.

[ATPase activity, cyclic nucleotide levels in the heart and lipid peroxidation in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. / Aktivnost' ATFaz, soderzhanie tsiklichekikh nukleotidov v serdtse i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v aorte spontanno gipertenzivnykh krys.

Activities of Na+,K+- and Ca2+, Mg2+- ATPases as well as content of cAMP were increased in heart tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared with normotensive animals. On the other hand, the rate of lipid peroxidation was decreased in aorta of the hypertensive rats.